Heparin, low molecular

Fractionated Heparins Low-Molecular- Weight Heparins (IMWHs) ... 

There is no recommendation for general use of heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or heparinoids after ischemic stroke (Level of Evidence I). 

Mechanism of action of unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and fondaparinux. (Reproduced from Haines ST, Zeolla M, Witt DM. Venous thromboembolism. In DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al, (eds.) Pharmacotherapy ... 

Bates, S. and Weitz, J. 2005. New anticoagulants beyond heparin, low molecular weight heparin and warfarin. British Journal of Pharmacology 144(8), 1017-1028. 

Heparins, low molecular weight (LMWH) dalteparin sodium enoxaparin sodium nadroparin calcium tinzaparin sodium... 

F. Role in therapy The potential advantages of Angiomax—a direct thrombin inhibitor—over heparin include activity against clot-bound thrombin, more predictable anticoagulation, and no inhibition by components of the platelet release reaction. The place in therapy of Angiomax will be determined by further comparisons with heparin, low-molecular weight heparins, and recombinant hirudin. 

Primary prevention of venous thrombosis reduces the incidence of and mortality rate from pulmonary emboli. Heparin and warfarin may be used to prevent venous thrombosis. Subcutaneous administration of low-dose unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or fondaparinux provides effective prophylaxis. Warfarin is also effective but requires laboratory monitoring of the prothrombin time. 

The pharmacological treatment options for ACS include agents that either reduce oxygen demand (beta blockers) or increase oxygen supply (nitrates, potassium channel activators, calcium channel blockers) to the heart and antiplatelet (aspirin, ADP-receptor antagonists, GPIIb/llla receptor blockers) and antithrombin therapy (unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, direct thrombin inhibitors) (10). 

Kokolis S, Cavusoglu E, Clark LT Marmur JD. Anticoagulation strategies for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention Unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, and direct thrombin inhibitors. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2004 46(6) 506-523. 

The complex consisting of heparin and antithrombin III neutralizes the protease activity of activated factors unlike unfrac-tionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin fragments or the minimal molecular subunit of heparin, fortdaparinux, inhibit only activated factor Xa when com-plexed with antithrombin III. 

Trade names Fragmin (Pfizer) Fragmine Indications Prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis Category Heparin, low molecular weight Half-life 4-8 hours... 

FIGURE 19-5. Pharmacologic activity of unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, and fondaparinux. AT = antithrombin. 

Billett HH Direct and indirect antithrombins. Heparins, low molecular weight heparins, heparinoids,... 

UVIW heparins Low molecular weight (LMW) heparins are preparations of heparin fractions of molecular weight 2000-6000. Regular heparin has a molecular weight range of 5000-30,000... 

Some therapeutic agents can be chemically incorporated into the backbone of the polymer, or can be attached as a pendant group. Therapeutic agents include, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, PEG, heparin, low molecular weight heparins, heparinoids and hyaluronic acid. 

In four patients with delayed hypersensitivity reactions to different forms of heparin, prick tests, intradermal tests, and patch tests were performed using unfractionated sodium heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins (nadroparin, enoxaparin, bemiparin, and dal-teparin), and fondaparinux [129 ]. There were different patterns of cross-reactivity all were sensitive to at least two forms of heparin and one patient was sensitive to all five drugs. 

---