Heliothis zea larvae

A feeding experiment was conducted using field concentrations of the aikaloidal fraction and the total triterpenoid glycoside fraction of thirty related species of columnar cacti (most in the Pachycereeae). Survivorship was measured as + or - and indicates successful development, pupation and emergence after eggs were laid by several d, melanogaster or d. mojavensis females. The latter species is a desert fly known to specialize on several species of Pachycereeae the former is a nonspecialized, nondesert species. Heliothis zea larvae were also used in a separate bioassay of toxicity where compounds were added to commercial diet. 

Gallardo, F., Boethel, D. J., Fuxa, J. R. and Richter, A. 1990. Susceptibility of Heliothis zea larvae Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson. Effects of tomatine at the third trophic level. J. Chem. Ecol. 16, 1751-1759... 

Farrar, R. R., Jr. and G. G. Kennedy. 1987a. Growth, food consumption and mortality of Heliothis zea larvae on the foliage of the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum and the cultivated tomato, L. esculentum. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 44 213-219. 

Nordlund, D. A. and Sauls, . E. (1981). Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. 11. Effect of host plants onkairomonal activity of frass from Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) larvae for the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 7 1057-1061. 

Widely distributed in plants. Produced on a large scale from the heartwood of Pinus lambertiana. Chiral synthetic precursor. Shows hypoglycaemic and antidiabetic activity. Feeding stimulant for larvae of butterfly Eurema hecabe mandarina, inhibitor of Heliothis zea larval growth. Mp 185-186°. Mg +67 (c, 2.5 in H2O). 

Another chemoreceptor cell with a sensitivity which cannot be easily explained is the inositol receptor found in many lepidopteran larvae (Schoonhoven, 1972a). Most insects appear to synthesize myo-inositol from glucose, thus having no nutritional requirement for this compound. One known exception is the larva of the moth, Heliothis zea, which is dependent upon dietary inositol (Chippendale, 1978). For some larvae inositol in pure form is a feeding stimulant (Blom, 1978, Stadler and Hanson, 1978) but others such as S. exempta show no behavioral response, despite the fact that inositol occurs in its food plants and that it has a receptor cell for the compound (Ma, 1976a). 

Activity as insecticide against Culex plplens berbericus larvae (73), C.p. pipiens (II37), Heliothis zea, H. virescens Musca domestica, LD50 and... 

Biol. Prop. Activity as insecticide against Agrotis ipsilon, Heliothis zea (1159)> mosquito larvae (2786), Peridroma saucia, Prodenia ornithogalli, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Spodoptera fruglperda (1159). 

Ignoffo, C.M., Garcia, C., McIntosh, A.H., Grasela, J.J., and Saathoff, S.G., 2001. Effects of viral rate and feeding time on mortality of early-, mid-, and late-stadium larvae of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) fed Baculovirus heliothis. Appl. Entomol. Zool., 36 121-125. 

Activity as insecticide (I328), against Culex pipiens larvae (73, 1137), Heliothis virescens, H. zea (192, 21 -5). 

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