Heavy metals speciation

Howari F. Heavy metal speciation and mobility assessment of arid soils in the vicinity of A1 Ain landfill, United Arab Emirates Int J Environ Pollut 2004 22 721-731. 

The example of calculated heavy metal speciation in Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, USA is shown below (Table 13). 

Gunn, AM., Hunt, D.T.E. and Winnard, DA. (1989) The effect of heavy metal speciation in sediment on bioavailability to tubificid worms, in M. Munawar, G. Dixon, C.I. Mayfield, T. Reynoldson and M.H. Sadar (eds.), Environmental Bioassay Techniques and their Application Proceedings of the Is International Conference held in Lancaster, England, 11-14 July 1988, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 487 196). 

Boruvka, L., Kozak, J. and Kristoufkova, S. (1997b) Heavy metal speciation in polluted soil. Chem. Listy, 91, 868-870. 

Castilho, P. Del and Rix, I. (1993) Ammonium acetate extraction for soil heavy metal speciation, model aided soil test interpretation. Int.f. Environ. Anal. Chem., 51, 59-61. 

Fanfani, L., Zuddas, P. and Chessa, A. (1997) Heavy metals speciation analysis as a tool for studying mine tailings weathering./. Geochem. Explor., 58, 241-248. 

In soil research, the term speciation is often applied to operationally defined fractionation of heavy metals into five or more components.25 Typically, water soluble, exchangeable, organically bound (which includes what is in biomass), amorphous oxide bound, crystalline oxide bound, and residual fractions are measured.26 Sometimes residual fractions are further subdivided according to particle size distributions to give amounts in sand, silt, and clay fractions. Similar fractionation procedures are often applied to aquatic sediments.27 In arid regions, often the calcium carbonate bound fractions of heavy metals are also measured.28 Because of the constraints of detection limits, generally only cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc are usually monitored by flame spectrometry in such heavy metal speciation studies.28... 

Baudo, R. (1982) The role of the speciation in the transfer of heavy metals along the aquatic food web. In Ecological Effects on Heavy Metals Speciation in Aquatic Ecosystems, ed. 0. Ravera, Ispra-Courses, Manuscript, 31 p. Ispra/Italy Euratom Centre. 

Eeenandez a, Teeneeo M, Barracan F and Jimenez J (2000) An approach to characterization of sources of urban airborne particles through heavy metal speciation. Chemosphere - Global Change. Science 2 123-136. 

Heavy metal speciation and catalysis at biofilm/mineral interfaces... 

Anthropogenic Trace Elements in the Ocean. Conservative Elements. Conservative Elements. Refractory Metals. Transition Metals and Heavy Metal Speciation. 

Anthropogenic Trace Elements in the Ocean. Atmospheric Input of Pollutants. Carbon Cycle. Conservative Elements. Hydrothermal Vent Fluids, Chemistry of. Marine Silica Cycle. Metal Pollution. Nitrogen Cycle. Platinum Group Elements and their Isotopes in the Ocean. Refractory Metals. River Inputs. Transition Metals and Heavy Metal Speciation. 

Manceau, A.M., Harge, J.C., Sarret, G., Hazelamnn, J.L., Boisset, M.C., Mench, M., Cambier, R.H., Frost, R., 1995. Direct determination of heavy metal speciation in soils by EXAFS... 

Heavy metals occur in soils and sediments in various chemical forms, and the variety of heavy metals speciation significantly influences their environmental mobility and bioavailability, which finally determines their potential for environmental contamination (McBride, 1994). Representative speciations of heavy metals in the geoenvironment can be summarized as follows ... 

Soil Tailing (mainly silt) Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn Polluted Efficiency evaluation depending on heavy metal speciation in soil main removal mechanism electromigration > electroosmosis Kim et al. (2002)... 

Table 6.8. Changes in heavy metal speciation in polluted soils as an effect of simulated flooding (preliminary results of the laboratory experiment)...

H. W. Nurnberg, Investigations on heavy metal speciation in natural... 

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