Heating in a filling tank

Flexible ducts to facilitate deployment, multilayer insulation (MU), survival heaters, and micrometeoroid shields around the ducts are other components of the heat transport loop assembly. The segment is planned to be launched with the loop filled and with survival heaters on to prevent water freezing prior to start-up of the Reactor Module. The survival heaters may need to be activated throughout the mission if a loop Is isolated from the heat source (Brayton shutdown) for an extended period of time. The two redundant idle loops are envisioned to be heated above freezing by use of the trace heaters, or from a low speed pump operational mode. Another concept that has been considered includes holding the water in a fill tank prior to activation. The trade study results can be found in Reference 9- 89. 

Iminobisacetonitrile crystallised in a holding tank of a production plant. Cleaning was by filling with water and heating to dissolve the nitrile. It was heated to a supposed 75°C. An hour later the tank exploded causing severe structural damage. The... 

The lamp is mounted securely at its ends and connected to a source of direct current preferably 220 volts or 500 volts through suitable resistances and a switch. The switch is closed and a small Bunsen flame is played on the capillary between A and B. The mercury vaporizes and the arc strikes and is localized between the two bulbs. As soon as the lamp starts, water is turned on so that it flows down around the lamp in a large stream. The cold water keeps the cement intact and preserves the lamp. The energy is so intense that without water-cooling the quartz would be melted immediately. Hard water may be used provided that it passes over the lamp so rapidly that there is not time to heat up the water and deposit lime. The mounting of the lamp may be varied for different purposes. The lamp may be placed in front of a quartz window in a copper tank which is partially drained until the lamp is started. After starting, the tank is allowed to fill to an outlet near the top thus covering the lamp. 

The kinetic studies were done in a 1/2-inch pipe jacketed reactor with a 1/8-inch thermowell down the middle. The first 7 inches of the reactor was filled with quartz chips and used as a preheater. Ten grams of 10-20 mesh SK-500 was then mixed with twice its volume of quartz and placed on top of the preheat section. The feed was pre-mlxed In a pressurized tank and then pumped upflow through the reactor. The temperature was controlled by pumping Dow Therm through the jacket with heat being supplied externally. This resulted In the reactor being Isothermal. 

Unsteady-State Heating of a Stirred Tank. A vessel is filled with 0.0283 m of water initially at 288.8 K. The vessel, which is well stirred, is suddenly immersed into a steam bath held at 377.6 K. The overall heat-transfer coefficient U between the steam and water is 1136 W/m K and the area is 0.372 m. Neglecting the heat capacity of the walls and agitator, calculate the time in hours to heat the water to 338.7 K. [Hint. Since the water is well stirred, its temperature is uniform. Show that Eq. (5.2-3) holds by starting with Eq. (5.2-1).]... 

Although some liquid foods, such as beer and fruit juices, may be pasteurized after filling containers (with warm water or steam applied to raise the temperature appropriately), most are pasteurized in a vat process or a continuous-flow process and then packaged. The vat (or batch) process involves heating in a well-agitated tank for the required time... 

These devices are replacing the older tank and spiral-conveyor devices. Better provisions for speed and ease of fill and discharge (without powered rotation) minimize downtime to make this batch-operated device attractive. Heat-transfer coefficients ranging from 28 to 200 W/(m °C) [5 to 35 Btu/(h fF °F)] are obtained. However, if caking on the heat-transfer walls is serious, then values may drop to 5.5 or 11 W/(m °C) [1 or 2 Btu/(h fH °F)], constituting a misapplication. The double cone is available in a fairly wide range of sizes and construction materials. The users are the fine-chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological-preparation industries. 

An open cylindrical tank 500 mm diameter and I m deep is three quarters filled with a liquid ol density 980 kg/mJ and of specific heat capacity 3 kj/kg K. If the heat transfer coefficient from the cylindrical walls and the base of the tank is 10 W/m2 K and front the surface is 20 W/m3 K, what area of heating coil, fed with steam at 383 K. is required to heat the contents from 288 K to 368 K in a half hour The overall heat transfer coefficient for the coil may be taken as 100 W/m2 K, the surroundings we at 288 K and the heal capacity of the tank itself may be neglected. 

In the first example, procaine penicillin, an aqueous vehicle containing the soluble components (such as lecithin, sodium citrate, povidone, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) is filtered through a 0.22 pm membrane filter, heat sterilized, and transferred into a presterilized mixing-filling tank. The sterile antibiotic powder, which has previously been produced by freeze-drying, sterile crystallization, or spray-drying, is aseptically added to the sterile solution while mixing. After all tests have been completed on the bulk formulation, it is aseptically filled. 

---