Heated tool

ISO 7214 1998 Cellular plastics - Polyethylene - Methods of test ISO 8085-1 2001 Polyethylene fittings for use with polyethylene pipes for the supply of gaseous fuels - Metric series - Specifications - Part 1 Fittings for socket fusion using heated tools (available in English only)... 

ISO 4577 1983 Plastics - Polypropylene and propylene-copolymers - Determination of thermal oxidative stability in air - Oven method ISO 7279 1984 Polypropylene (PP) fittings for pipes under pressure - Sockets for fusion using heated tools - Metric series - Dimensions of sockets ISO 7671 2003 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) inside buildings - Polypropylene (PP)... 

Thermal insertion a heating tool heats the insert, which in turn heats the plastic part receiving the insert. The tool then presses the insert into the hole in the part. The advantages and drawbacks of this process are ... 

Tube ends can be made to fit cork or rubber stoppers by reaming them out to approximately the same taper as the stopper. When the reinforced rim has been made, as described above, the tube is put back into the flame with slightly reduced air-flow. Heating is continued until about 2 cm of the tube length is plastic. The glass is taken out of the flame and the same heated tool inserted so that the point touches the inside wall (Fig. 6.12a). 

Welding - A method used for joining thermoplastic parts without an adhesive. Heat, pressure, and time are variables used to weld together plastic parts. A simple method consists of clamping the parts together and heating the joint with a heater band. Also see Heated Tool Welding. 

Welding by Distance - A form of heated tool welding in which mechanical stops on the hot tool and holding fixtures are used to control the dimensions of the welded parts. See also Welding by Pressure, Heated Tool Welding. 

Luseums collect, exhibit, and store materials that reflect a single culture, many cultures, or the naturaf world. As early as 290 B.C., Ptolemy created an institution for learning called a museum, which housed both biological and cultural objects (i). Wooden artifacts represent a significant component of past cultures. Historically, wood was particularly suited for the needs of various cultures, because it could either be used with little alteration or be manipulated with heat, tools, or water. 

A pre-weighed quantity of DMC is placed in a heated transfer pot by hand. A punch or ram compresses the material and causes it to flow into the heated tool cavity where it cures. The tool is mounted between the platens of a press. 

Resistance wire welding can be used on any plastic that can be joined effectively by heated tool welding. The process is typically applied to relatively large structures. Contacting the plastic resin manufacturer for details concerning the specific parameters of this process is recommended. 

Polycarbonate parts having thickness of at least 40 mils can be successfully hot gas welded. Bond strengths in excess of 70 percent of the parent resin have been achieved. Equipment should be used capable of providing gas temperature of 315 to 648°C. As prescribed for the heated tool process, it is important to adequately predry (120°C) both the polycarbonate parts and welding rods. The bonding process should occur within minutes of removing the parts from the predrying oven. 

Ultrasonic welding is the most common thermal assembly process used with polybuty-lene terephthalate parts. However, heated tool welding and other welding methods have proven satisfactory joints when bonding PET and PBT to itself and to dissimilar materials. Solvent cementing is generally not used to assemble PET or PBT parts because of their solvent resistance. 

Polystyrene can be joined by either thermal or solvent welding techniques. Preference is generally given to ultrasonic methods because of its speed and simplicity. However, heated tool welding and spin welding are also commonly used. 

Direct thermal welding of polysulfone requires a heated tool capable of attaining 372°C. Contact time should be approximately 10 s, and then the parts must be joined immediately. Polysulfone parts should be dried 3 to 6 hr at 121 °C before attempting to heat seal. Polysulfone can also be joined to metal, since polysulfone resins have good adhesive characteristics. Bonding to aluminum requires 372°C. With cold rolled steeL the surface of the metal first must be primed with a 5 to 10 percent solution of polysulfone and baked for 10 min at 260°C. The primed piece then can be heat welded to the polysulfone part at 260 to315°C. 

The use of a heated tool to cause surface melting of a part at the joint area. It is then removed before the joint surfaces being pressed together to form a fusion bond. A thermoplastic injection mold in which the runners are insulated from the chilled cavities and remain hot so that the center of the ruimer never cools in normal cycle operation. Runners are not usually ejected with the molded pieces. 

The other popular type of electrofusion joint is the service saddle joint. This is used to make tee connections between a small diameter service and a larger diameter main pipe. These were also originally heated tool type welds but electrofusion reduces operative involvement and provides a greater level of control in fusion conditions. The technology has also been extended to larger size saddle connections that produce pipe branches that can be made whilst the main pipe is still under pressure. 

ISO 7279 1984 Polypropylene (PP) fittings for pipes under pressure - Sockets for fusion using heated tools - Metric series - Dimensions of sockets. 

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