Heat source density

The amout of heat deposited in the fuel in segment / will be the product of the volume of the segment and the internal heat-source density ... 

The last output quantities, heat source density qa and qc, are obtained from enthalpy balances at the reaction sites ... 

This is the first output quantity according to Figure 28.3. The mass flux densities, Hj, can be obtained from Faraday s law combined with the component mass balance [Eqs. (28.68) and (28.69)]. The heat source density, q, is obtained from an enthalpy balance around the electrode pore, similar to Eq. (28.70). Corresponding equations were given by Wolf and Wilemski [2, 3], although not aU of them are formulated as part of the electrode model. 

Heat source density from external sources... 

In the stratification strategy the supply air is used to substitute the outgoing air from the ventilated (in most cases occupied) zone, thus preventing circulation patterns between the zones. The supply air has to be distributed in such a way that the buoyancy flows are not disturbed. Exhaust air openings are to be located downstream in order to avoid reverse currents within the room. The location of the contaminant sources and the heat sources causing density differences must be the same in order to carry out the contaminants with equal or higher density than air. 

The temperature equation is derived from the energy equation, in which the units of each term is joules per unit volume per second, J/(m s) = W/m/ The temperature equation above has been divided by the specific heat and density p (assumed to be constant), and thus the units of each term in Eq. (11.6) is °C/s. If a heat source q is to be added in a cell, it should be divided by c, ( = 1006 J/(kg K) for air). 

Rossiter (1986) demonstrated the procedure for the production process of crystalline common salt from brine. It was found that the optimal median size is determined by the entrainment limit in the crystallizer. The crystallizer had to be operated at maximum allowable temperature and the slurry density measured for quality constraints. It was also suggested that cost discontinuities should be imposed based on temperatures of the available heat sources, possible materials of construction and other intrinsic properties of the system. 

Where LP steam boiler MU requirements are in excess of 5% or heat-flux densities are high but the source of MU water is a naturally low-hardness lean water (as in New York City, where total hardness is often below 20 ppm as CaC03), it is still advisable to install a water... 

Heat transfer by convection occurs as a result of the movement of fluid on a macroscopic scale in the form of eddies or circulating currents. If the currents arise from the heat transfer process itself, natural convection occurs, such as in the heating of a vessel containing liquid by means of a heat source situated beneath it. The liquid at the bottom of the vessel becomes heated and expands and rises because its density has become less than that of the remaining liquid. Cold liquid of higher density takes its place and a circulating current is thus set up. 

Q is the heat generated per unit area and time 4 is the contact length of the heat source p is the density c is the specific heat K is its heat conductivity... 

The fluid physical properties required for heat-exchanger design are density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and temperature-enthalpy correlations (specific and latent heats). Sources of physical property data are given in Chapter 8. The thermal conductivities of commonly used tube materials are given in Table 12.6. 

In demonstrating the use of powdered aluminium to reduce the oxide in a thermite-type reaction, the mixture must be heated behind a safety screen because of the small explosion produced [1]. Consolidation of the thermite mixture into a high-density composite gives chemical heat sources which are safe to handle [2],... 

Since the oceans comprise over 70% of the earth s surface area, the absorbed solar energy that is stored as latent heat of the oceans represents a very large potential source of energy. As a result of variation in the density of ocean water with temperature, the ocean water temperature is not uniform with depth. Warm surface ocean water with low density tends to stay on the surface and cold water with high density within a few degree of 4°C tends to settle to the depths of the ocean. In the tropics, ocean surface temperatures in excess of 25° C occur. The combination of the warmed surface water and cold deep water provides two different temperature thermal reservoirs needed to operate a heat engine called OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion). Since the temperature difference of the OTEC between the heat source and the heat sink is small, the OTEC power plant cycle efficiency... 

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