Nitroglycerin heart disease

Transdermal patches arc applied to the skin. The drug is mixed with the adhesive for the patch, and so it lies next to in readily absorb many chemicals and so uch as nitroglycerin (for heart disease),... 

Lange RL et al Nonatheromatous ischemic heart disease following withdrawal from chronic industrial nitroglycerin exposure. Circulation 46 666-78, 1972... 

The nitrites include amyl, butyl, and cyclohexyl nitrite. They are all highly flammable, yellowish liquids. Amyl nitrite has been used since 1867 to relieve chest pain or discomfort due to heart disease, although it has been widely replaced by nitroglycerin. Originally, it was available in glass vials called... 

Interestingly, nitroglycerine ( nitro ) is taken by some who have heart disease. It acts as a vasodilator (dilates the blood vessels) to decrease arterial... 

Wendkos has proposed an "Orthostatic Electrocardiographic Index" in an attempt to demonstrate nitrate activity.This study is hardly conclusive as it was carried out on four schizophrenics without demonstrable organic heart disease. Wendkos recently reported that nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate abolished ECG signs of ischemia provoked by l.v. administration of ergot alkaloids to anginal patients. ... 

Nitroglycerin is a heavy, colorless, oily liquid, which has a sweet taste and, as ordinarily prepared, a pale yellow color. It freezes at about 8°, melts at about 12°, and explodes when, heated to 180°. Small quantities burn in the open air without explosion. Nitroglycerin is very sensitive to shocks, and can readily be exploded by a sharp blow. It is a powerful poison, resembling strychnine somewhat in its physiological effects. It is used as a remedy in heart disease, and is injected into the blood in cases of poisoning by carbon monoxide or water-gas. 

NAC appears to have several possible therapeutic roles associated with heart disease, viz., it is found to enhance aspects of the elfectiveness of nitroglycerine (NTG). 

Organic nitrates (eg, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate) are widely used as vasodilators for the treatment of ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin are also used in explosives. Bismuth subnitrate, ammonium nitrate, and silver nitrate are used in antidiarrheal dmgs, cold packs, and topical bum medications, respectively. Sodium and potassium nitrate and nitrite are used in preserving cured foods and may also occur in high concentrations in some well water. Butyl, amyl, ethyl, and isobutyl nitrites are often sold as room deodorizers or liquid incense and are sometimes inhaled for abuse purposes. 

Nitroglycerine is a heart muscle relaxant. It is used to treat angina, which is a symptom of heart disease. 

When Nobel became ill with heart disease, his physicians advised him to take nitroglycerin to relieve his chest pains. He refused, saying he could not understand how the explosive could relieve chest pains. It took science more than 100 years to find the answer. We now know that it is nitric oxide, NO, derived from the nitro groups of nitroglycerin, that relieves the pain. 

The structures of the mineral acids suggest that replacing one or more OH units will lead to acid derivatives. Esters are possible for all three mineral acids. Nitric acid gives a nitrate ester, 197. Nitrate esters are often unstable, and the trinitrate ester of glycerol (198) is the well-known explosive nitroglycerin. However, highly specialized nitrate esters are known to relax vascular smooth muscle, which leads to vasodilation (relaxation of the muscle wall of blood vessels that leads to widening of those vessels), and they are important compounds used in the treatment of heart disease. Nonetheless, nitrate esters will not be discussed further or used in this book. Amide derivatives O3N-NR2 are known as nitramides, but they will not be discussed. 

Ironically, toward the end of his life, Nobel developed heart-disease related chest pain (angina pectoris) and was directed by his physician to take nitroglycerin orally, which Nobel refused to do. Glyceryl trinitrate, the name used by the medical community per-... 

---