Head stamps

XM.645 5.6mm single flechette. Belted, rimless, bottlenecked case with piston primer. Case length 57mm. Overall length 62.5mm. This cartridge will be found with Canadian arsenal head-stamps... 

The feeding and extraction mechanism of the firearm coupled with the type of ignition system dictates the design of the base of the cartridge case. Nearly all cartridge cases have the outside surface of the base indent-stamped by the maker (head stamp). Information such as the maker s initials, code, or mark, year of manufacture (mainly military ammunition), caliber or other coded information are indent-stamped into the base. It is sometimes possible, even for old ammunition, for a manufacturer to check its records and give the complete specification of a round of ammunition from the head stamp details. 

Firearm Ammunition Head Stamp Ammunition Details Pb, Sb, Ba Ba, Ca, Si Pb, Ba Pb, Sb Ba Only Pb Only... 

MI, DAG.VL, round 7.9 STEYER, no head stamp, round. 223, FN79, AP round Cu-coated Fe jacket/Pb core, brass case Ni-coated Fe jacket/Pb core, brass case Cu jacket/Steel penetrator with Pb sheath, brass case... 

Information obtained from visits to various munitions factories suggests that manufacturers will use whatever is available at the time, from whatever source, to complete an order, provided that it meets the required ballistics performance and produces no residues that are injurious to the gun. During the war years, shortage of material meant many variations in materials used in manufacture. For these reasons it is unwise to make assumptions about ammunition components and composition, even for the same caliber and manufacturer, as they could vary from batch to batch. The differences between ammunition with the same head stamp can be seen in Table 21.3 for Winchester Western in. 38 Special and. 357 Magnum calibers and in Figure 21.2 for. 30 Ml caliber VE 54 FI and VE 2-61 S. 

A detailed summary of primer types encountered over a 13-year period (1975 to 1987) is given in Table 21.4 which represents the examination of 1,300 spent cartridge cases, involving 310 different head stamps and 58 manufacturers, and is based on casework results, some of which are included in Figure 21.1 and Figure 21.2 and Table 21.3. 

FIGURE 1.130 Sport shoe mold (source KLOCKNER DESMA Schuhmaschinen GmbH, Achim) (a) Head stamp (b) frame (c) injection channels (runners) (d) shaft ... 

The mixer outlet docks onto the gate area and injects the reaction mixture into the molded cavity. Afterwards, the head stamp moves from the bottom in shaft direction until the set point of the wall thickness of inner or walking sole is reached. The head stamp overruns the runner of the gate area and closes the cavity. 

As with the coolers, the larger filter bodies come under the jurisdiction of the ASME unfired pressure vessel code. If they do, the filter should receive the code stamp. The filter bodies and the heads should be con... 

The manufacture of a sandwich fusehead proceeds in the following manner. Brass or other metal foils are fixed on each side of a sheet of pressboard with a suitable adhesive. The pressboard is then stamped into combs of the shape shown in Fig. 10.3 and steps are cut in the tips of the heads. Fine resistance wire is stretched across the heads and soldered to the foil on each side of the pressboard. These operations were originally all carried out by hand now many are carried out mechanically. 

Rutherford s attitude toward chemistry was stereotyped by his jokes and barbs occasionally directed at his chemical colleagues. The later Manchester physicist P. M. S. Blackett recounted the famous crack, "All science is either physics or stamp collecting, "63 and it was said that Rutherford chafed at receiving the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry, rather than in Physics. In a lecture in which he described his theory of the nuclear atom, he joked that the "nucleus is a round, hard objectjust like Professor Perkins head."64 However, Rutherford expressed great respect for his chemist collaborator Frederick Soddy and for other chemists, as well. 

Stamping Time — This is the amount of time fhaf fhe pin resides on the substrate surface. The more time spent on the surface, the greater ink volume deposited on the substrate. The greater volume has a tendency to cause spreading of the fluid, thereby increasing spot diameter. However, other factors such as the contact angle of the substrate and the capillary hydrostatic head also influence the size and spread of droplets. 

A routine operation usually proceeds as follows. First the head of the femur is sawn off. The socket in the pelvis (the acetabulum) is then made deeper with a cutting machine and subsequently the metal socket is stamped into the hip. This metal is then lined with plastic to facilitate sliding movements. The femur is scooped out with a rasp and filled with cement. This cement is a mixture of plastics which automatically polymerizes in the femur. Since 1997 it has been becoming customary to grind up old hip heads and use the bone shreds together with the cement as a filler for the shaft of the prosthesis. The stem of the prosthesis is hammered into the femur, the spherical head is attached to it and inserted into the plastic socket. 

A press consists of two main parts, the driving mechanism and the press head, detailed in Fig. 5.13. The press head contains the mould channel which corresponds to the cylinder in the piston engine analogy. At the rear portion of the press head is a feeding hopper and entrance through which the briquetting material is fed to the mould channel. The material is pushed forward by the stroke of the piston (press stamp) and compacted in a hammer-... 

Historically, it was p repd in a stamp mill by a procedure developed by the National Fireworks Co (Ref 1). This mill consisted of a solid block of granite in which 3 cup-shaped cavities had been cut. The stamps, which operated in the cavities, were fitted at their lower ends with cylindrical wooden blocks cut from a hornbeam tree. The blocks were replaced when worn Weingart (Ref 5) gives the details of another older method as follows Mount a 50 gal wooden barrel on two uprights in such a manner that it can revolve in a horizontal position on centers attached to the heads. To one of the... 

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