Hartridge

Hartridge H and Roughton F J W 1923 A method of measuring the velooity of very rapid ohemioal reaotions Proc. R. Soc. A 104 376-94... 

West has shown that curare varies qualitatively in action, some specimens having a lissive action, defined as the selective removal of pathological rigidities without apparent diminution of voluntary power and Hartridge and West found it possible to control tetany in para-thyroidectomised dogs by the use of a curare chosen on this basis. 

Following the original rapid-fiow experiments of Hartridge and Roughton, the introduction of the stopped-fiow method, and the use of electronic techniques for rapid recording,rapid-reaction techniques have found wide apphcation in chemistry and bio-... 

The Emission Standard for New Diesel Vehicles, issued in December 1988, established a maximum of 50 Hartridge Opacity Units. The Ecological Technical Standard of June, 1988, enforced the maximum allowable emissions for circulating cars (Table IV). The Diesel Regulation... 

A rapid mixing device, introduced nearly eighty years ago by Hartridge and Roughton, to mix two or more reactants (mixing time 10-50 jusec) and to utilize a constant flow rate through a loop that then passes... 

D5. Dawson, B., Adson, M. A., Dockerty, M. B., Fleisher, G. A., Jones, R. R., Hartridge, V. B., Schnelle, N., McGuckin, W. F., and Summerskill, W. H., Hepatic function tests Postoperative changes with halothane or diethyl ether anesthesia. Mayo Clin. Proc. 41, 599-607 (1966). 

The interfacial surface tension may be markedly affected by a surface reaction occurring in the presence of traces of impurities. A good example of such an effect is to be noted in the alteration of the interfacial surface tension between an oil containing a fatty acid and water containing acid or alkali. For acid solutions the interfacial surface tension remains constant and almost independent of the Ph of the aqueous phase. As the solution becomes more alkaline the carboxyl groups of the acid commence to dissociate and the interfacial surface tension falls rapidly. (Hartridge and Peters, Proc. Boy. Soc. A, Cl. 348, 1922, see p. 252.)... 

Hartridge and Peters (Froo. Roy. Soc. A, Cl. 348, 1922) have measured the interfacial tension of liquid fatty acids and their solutions in benzene against aqueous borate, phthalate and phosphate buffer solutions of varying concentration and Ph. 

A. Hartridge, A. Bhattacharya, Preparation and analysis of zirconia doped ceria nanocrystal dispersions, J. Nanoparticle Res. 1 (2001) 75-80. 

The ripple method has been used by Watson8 and by Hartridge and Peters for the interface between immiscible liquids. In equation (30)... 

The colorless carbon monoxide (CO) is everywhere. Wherever there is combustion there is CO it is the predominant product above 800°C. The concentration of CO might vary from 0.1 ppm in clean atmosphere to 5,000 ppm in the proximity of domestic wood fire chimneys (Fawcett et al, 1992) and is present in significant quantities in cigarette smoke (Hartridge, 1920 Hoffman et al, 2001). The atmospheric lifetime of CO is 1 to 2 months, which allows its intercontinental transport (Akimoto, 2003). 

The currently employed method of quantifying blood CO and the precaution that is needed for accuracy are simply refinements of the method described by Haldane (1895b, 1896) more than a century ago colorimetric detection was soon replaced by the spectroscopic detection method (Hartridge, 1912) and has undergone further sophistication since then. Both gas chromatography and spectrophotometry are considered appropriate although the former is favored (Cobum et al, 1964 Collison et al, 1968 ... 

Hartridge, H. (1912). A spectroscopic method of estimating carbon monoxide. J. Physiol. 44 1-21. 

More popular for reactions in the millisecond range is the "stopped-flow" technique [4], which consumes less fluid and for which commercial equipment is available (e.g., see Figure 3.7). Over an extremely short time span, liquids are injected into and mixed in a small reaction chamber, and the composition of the mixture is then monitored continuously or analyzed after short, preset reaction times. In contrast to the Hartridge-Roughton reactor, a stopped-flow reactor functions essentially as a micro-batch reactor. 

Until recently little work has been done on the rates of ionic reactions in solution, principally because these are usually so fast as to make measurement difficult. Working with metal ions in non-aqueous solutions at very low temperatures, Bjerrum and Poulsen (1952) found, for example, that NP+ reacted at a rate which was measurable with dimethylglyoxime in methanol at -75°. Awtrey and Connick (1951) applied Hartridge and Roughton s dynamic flow method (1923) to the reaction between SOg - and I3- in aqueous solution. Bell and Clunie (1952) have developed a thermal method for studying reactions occurring in a few seconds. 

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