Hanford

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An improved solvent extraction process, PUREX, utilizes an organic mixture of tributyl phosphate solvent dissolved in a hydrocarbon diluent, typically dodecane. This was used at Savannah River, Georgia, ca 1955 and Hanford, Washington, ca 1956. Waste volumes were reduced by using recoverable nitric acid as the salting agent. A hybrid REDOX/PUREX process was developed in Idaho Falls, Idaho, ca 1956 to reprocess high bum-up, fuUy enriched (97% u) uranium fuel from naval reactors. Other separations processes have been developed. The desirable features are compared in Table 1. 

G. J. Raab md co-workers. Operating Experience Using Silver Reactors for Radioiodine Removal in the Hanford Purex Plant, ARH-SA-67, Atimtic Richfield Hmford Co., Richlmd, Wash., June 1970. 

W. W. Schulz, Macroreticular Anion Exchange Resin Cleanup for TBP Solvents, ARH-SA-129, Adantic Richfield Hanford Co., Richland, Wash., 1972. 

The Hanford N Reactor. The Hanford N reactor was built in 1964 for purposes of plutonium production during the Cold War. It used graphite as moderator, pierced by over 1000 Zircaloy 2 tubes. These pressure tubes contained slightly enriched uranium fuel cooled by high temperature light water. The reactor also provided 800 MWe to the Washington PubHc Power Supply System. This reactor was shut down in 1992 because of age and concern for safety. The similarity to the Chemobyl-type reactors played a role in the decision. 

The United States continued fast-breeder reactor research and development with the building of the fast flux test faciHty (FFTF) at Hanford and the SEFOR reactor in Arkansas (59). The next plaimed step was to build a prototype power reactor, the Clinch River fast-breeder plant (CRFBP), which was to be located near Oak Ridge, Teimessee. 

M. W. Gibson and D. H. Nyman, Recent Plutonium Metal Production Experience at Hanford, WHC-SA-0616, Westinghouse Hanford Co., Wash., 1989. 

T Ichiye, RB Yelle, JB Koerner, PD Swartz, BW Beck. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of electron transfer properties of Ee-S proteins. Biomacromolecules Erom 3-D Structure to Applications. Hanford Symposium on Health and the Environment 34, Pasco, WA, 1995, pp 203-213. 

Fig. 9. Stored energy release curves for CSF graphite irradiated at 30°C in the Hanford K reactor cooled test hole [64], Note, the rate (with temperature) of stored energy release (J/Kg-K) exceeds the specific heat and thus under adiabatic conditions self sustained heating will occur.

Kennedy, C.R. and Woodruff, E.M., Irradiation effects on the physical properties of grade TSX graphite, WCH-EP-0211, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington, 1989. 

Morgan, W.C., Nuelear graphite development, operational problems, and resolution of these problems at the Hanford produetion reactors. In Proceedings of the IAEA Specialists Meeting on Graphite Moderator Lifecycle Behavior, lAEA-TECHDOC-901, IAEA, Vienna, 1996, pp. 69 77. 

The DOE N-Reactor is one of the plutonium production reactors located on the Hanford Reservation near Richland, Washington. It is graphite moderated, pressurized water reactors that in addition to production of special nuclear materials also provided steam to turbine generators owned by the Washington Public Power Supply System for electric power production. It began op ition in 1 is put into standby status in 1988 and closed because of similarities to Chernobyl. 

XIII) was synthesised independently by Hanford and Adams, i who identified it with Ghose s deoxyvasicine, Cj H aNa (m.p. 96-5-97-5° (dry) picrate, m.p. 205-6°, cf. p. 617). Morris, Hanford and Adams i then showed that in vasicine the hydroxyl group was probably at a instead of as shown in (XI), and the proof of this constitution for the alkaloid was provided by Spath, Kuffner and Platzer,i who foimd that 1-o-amino-benzylpyrrolidine was identical with deoxyhexahydrovasicine and synthesised vasicine by the following method. - Methyl y-phthalimidobutyrate... 

Chemical Explosion at Hanford, Safely Alert No. 97-1, U.S. Dept, of Energy, Washington, D.C., 1997. 

Akbari, H. Kurn, D. Taha, H. Bretz, S. and Hanford, J. (1997). Peak Power and Cooling Energy Savings of Shade Trees. Energy and Buildings 25(2) 139-148. 

The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in eastern Washington stores class A low-level radioactive waste. tCorbis... 

The Bush Administration (1989-1993) had a similar free marketplace philosophy as Reagan, hut faced the daunting task of having to start directing billions toward cleaning up after forty years of neglect at the contaminated weapons complex, particularly the federal facilities at Savannah River South Carolina, Hanford Washington, and Rocky Flats Colorado. The cleanup plan was fourfold characterize and prioritize all waste cleanups at departmental sites, con-... 

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