Handbooks description

This section describes briefly some of the basic concepts and methods of automatic 3D model builders. However, interested readers are referred to Chapter II, Section 7.1 in the Handbook, where a more detailed description of the approaches to automatic 3D structure generation and the developed program systems is given. 

The program system COBRA [118, 119] can be regarded as a rule- and data-based approach, but also applies the principles of fragment-based (or template-based) methods extensively (for a detailed description sec Chapter 11, Sections 7.1 and 7.2 in the Handbook). COBRA uses a library of predefined, optimized 3D molecular fragments which have been derived from crystal structures and foi ce-field calculations. Each fi agment contains some additional information on... 

A widely used 3D structure generator is CONCORD [131, 132] (for a more detailed description see Chapter II, Section 7.1 in the Handbook). CONCORD is also a rule- and data-based program system and uses a simplified force field for geometry optimization, CONCORD converts structures from 2D to 3D fairly fast... 

The following sections present a more detailed description of the methods mentioned above. An overview of machine learning techniques in chemistry is given in Chapter IX, Section 1 in the Handbook. 

The US. Pharmacopeia (USP XXII) or National Formula (NFXVII) (20) also provide a similar description however, the peroxide value is not defined (Table 9). These specifications are also given in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (HPE), pubhshed jointiy by the American Pharmaceutical Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (21), which defines lecithins both from plants and eggs. The Merck Index (22) specifies a slightiy lower acid value. The Japanese Monograph (ISCI-II) (23) specifies a slightiy lower acetone-insoluble matter and a lower heavy-metal content. 

J. Noonan, "Color Additives in Foods" in Handbook of Food Additives, The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1968, pp. 25—49. Food colors— their description, properties, regulation, and use. 

D. E. Anstead, kiM Handbook of Cosmetic Science Pergamon Press, New York, 1963, pp. 101—118. A brief description of colors used ki cosmetics. 

In the past, expression presses were used in many processes for extracting oil and juice, generally from seeds and fruits such as olives. Batch presses were typically used in these apphcations, and hand unloading of the pressed cake was often required. Batch presses that require hand unloading or extensive cleaning between pressings are rarely used now descriptions of various types are presented in earlier editions of this handbook. This section, therefore, describes mainly continuous presses. 

Asbestos and Mica Asbestos is no longer mined in the United States because of the severe health hazard, but it is still mined and processed in Canada. See previous editions of this handbook for process descriptions. 

FCC process description adapted by permission from Fluid Catalytic Cracking Handbook, R. Sadeghbeigi, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 2000, pp. 3—17. 

D. E. Aspnes. In Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids. (E. Palik, ed.) Academic Press, Orlando, 1985. Description of use of ellipsometry to determine optical constants of solids. 

The handbook additionally provides an extensive overview and comparison of commercially available computer systems and software for chemical emergency planning. This section provides technical guidance for hazard analysis and identification implementing regulatory requirements and descriptions of computer applications and systems applicable under SARA Title III. 

In addition to the documents that serve product manufacture and installation or service delivery, documents may also be required for maintenance and operation. The product descriptions, handbooks, operating manuals, user guides, and other documents which support the product or service in use are as much a part of the design as the other product requirements. Unlike the manufacturing data, the support documents may be published either generally or supplied with the product to the customer. The design of such documentation is critical to the success of the product, as poorly constructed handbooks can be detrimental to sales. 

Stress analysis involves using the descriptions of the product s geometry, the applied loads and displacements, and the material s properties to obtain closed-form or numerical expressions for internal stresses as a function of the stress s position within the product and perhaps as a function of time as well. Tlie term engineering formulas refers primarily to those equations reviewed previously and given in engineering handbooks by which the stress analysis can be accomplished. 

A number of handbooks and monographs are available with detailed descriptions of a variety of plant products and their use (Shahidi and Naczk, 1995). From a more practical point of view, an interlaboratory comparison between six university and industry laboratories of 17 extracts of spices, teas, coffees, and grape skin and of tomato peel slurry established within the framework of an EU sponsored programme, would be of interest (Schwarz et al, 2001). In this collaboration, detailed chemical analysis of the content of different phenolic compounds is compared with six antioxidant assays for the 17 extracts including different extraction procedures. 

Descriptions of the various types of centrifuges and their fields of application can be found in various handbooks, in a book by Leung (1998) and articles by Ambler (1971) and Linley (1984). 

Crystallisation theory is covered in Volume 2, Chapter 15 and in other texts Mullin (2001) and Jones (2002). Descriptions of the various crystallisers used commercially can be found in these texts and in handbooks Mersmann (2001), Perry et al. (1997) and... 

A variety of equipment has been developed for gas cleaning. The principal types used in the process industries are listed in Table 10.11, which is adapted from a selection guide given by Sargent (1971). Table 10.11 shows the general field of application of each type in terms of the particle size separated, the expected separation efficiency, and the throughput. It can be used to make a preliminary selection of the type of equipment likely to be suitable for a particular application. Descriptions of the equipment shown in Table 10.11 can be found in various handbooks Perry et al. (1997), Schweitzer (1997) and in specialist texts Strauss (1975). Gas cleaning is also covered in Volume 2, Chapter 1. 

The selection of pumps for liquids is discussed in Chapter 5. Descriptions of most of the types of pumps used in the chemical process industries are given in Volume 1, Chapter 8. Several textbooks and handbooks have also been published on this subject Garay (1997), Karassik (2001) and Parmley (2000). 

Capital City Commercial Colleges Handbook. Iowa City, IA State Historical Society of Iowa, 1908. Source for father s job and school descriptions. 

The Instrumentation and Control handbook consists of seven modules that are contained in two volumes. The following is a brief description of the information presented in each module of the handbook. 

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