Halogenation amines

Dyes are synthesized in a reactor, then filtered, dried, and blended with other additives to produce the final product. The synthesis step involves reactions such as sulfonation, halogenation, amination, diazotization, and coupling, followed by separation processes that may include distillation, precipitation, and crystallization. 

Violently explosive decomposition at the start of distillation at 165°C/33 mbar of a 2 kg sample was attributed to autocatalytic decomposition which can occur at 125°C in small samples. Increased lability of the 2-chloro substituent when hydrochloride formation has occurred is postulated as a possible cause. Caution on heating any halogenated amine is advised. 

When the temperature rises, polyphenylene sulfide can be attacked by hot strong acids and bases, chlorinated solvents, oxidizing agents, halogens, amines. For example, a given grade is unusable after a few months in 10% nitric acid at 90°C. After 1 year at 90°C in 37% hydrochloric acid, the retention of tensile strength is 29%. 

When the temperature rises, polyphenylene sulfide can be attacked by hot strong acids and bases, chlorinated solvents, oxidizing agents, halogens, amines... 

Der Halogen/Amin-Austausch kann bei geeigneten Substraten auch intramolekular ab-laufen unter Bildung von N-Heterocyclen, wie die Synthese von 2,3-Dihydro-indol aus 2-Amino-l-(2-chlor-phenyl)-ethan zeigt3. 

M.E. Wolff, Chem. Rev. 63, 55-64 (1963) . .Cyclisation of N-Halogenated Amines (The Hofmann-Loffler Reaction)". 

The cyclization of V-halogenated amines to pyrrolidines, the Hofmann-Loeffler reaction,869 can be effected by irradiation in sulfuric acid, followed by treatment with base. The initial step in the conversion870 of V-chlorodibutylamine to 1-butylpyrrolidine [Eq. (96)] is photochemically induced homolytic cleavage of the nitrogen-... 

The reaction provides an easy way for removal of an alkyl group from esters of phosphorus and it has found wide application in the synthesis of bioactive acids of phosphorus ( ). It may be also used for the selective displacement of the alkyl group by trimethylsilyl group in the presence of some reactive groups bonded to phosphorus like halogen, amine, SR etc. (5). 

It has been demonstrated that the presence of chlorine or bromine in the nucleus facilitates replacement of the diazo group by hydrogen little or no ether formation occurs.26 Apparently iodine also favors the redudng action of alcohols, but this point has not been investigated carefully.26 27 No attempts to deaminate fluorinated amines are recorded. Representative of the effitiency with which ethanol reduces diazonium salts derived from halogenated amines are the deaminations of m-chloroaniline 26 (87% yield), of 2-bromo-4-methylaniline 28 (67% yield), of 2,4,6-tribfomoaniline 29 (ca. 80% yield), and of 2-carboxy-4-iodoaniline30 (ca. 45% yield) in the biphenyl series the deamination of VIII in 53% yield 31 may be dted. 

The prindple of latest position has been invoked. For example, a -bromonitroaniline will be found under halogenated amines. 

The raw materials used to synthesize organic dyes are commonly referred to as dye intermediates. Largely, they are derivatives of aromatic compounds obtained from coal tar mixtures. The majority of these derivatives are benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene based compounds. This section provides an overview of the chemical reactions used to prepare the key intermediates employed in dye synthesis. In this regard, emphasis is placed on halogenated, aminated, hydroxy-lated, sulfonated, and alkylated derivatives of benzene, naphthalene, and anthraquinone. 

For the sake of brevity, such important transformations as the conjugate addition of lithium enolates on activated olefins or the halogenation, amination, oxidation. .. of enolates have not been considered here. Each of these reactions has been the object of considerable developments lately, in particular for their asymmetric versions, and giving even short accounts about the state of the art would have been extremely space-consuming. 

A wide variety of molecules can act as quenchers, including oxygen, halogens, amines and electron-deficient molecules. 

N-Halogenated amines can be prepared in excellent yields by treating the amine with sodium hypochlorite in ethereal solution, the mono- or... 

Dethiation Alkylation and acylation Halogenation Amination Hydrolysis Oxidation... 

Bromothiete 1,1-dioxide has been obtained by dehydrobromination of 3,3-dibromothietane 1,1-dioxide, " and 3-chlorothiete sulfone has been obtained in the same way. " The cis (halogen, amine) isomers of 2-chloro, bromo-, or iodo-3-... 

In all of these mixed compounds, the substances possess the properties of both kinds of substitution products represented. The halogen nitro compounds, on reduction, yield halogen amines. The halogen amines are basic compounds, like the amines themselves, and form salts with mineral acids. The halogen cyanogen compounds possess the nitrile properties of alkyl cyanides, and on hydrolysis yield halogen acids. The cyanogen amines are, similarly, both acid nitriles and... 

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