Structural chemistry halides

The structural chemistry of Sn halides is particularly complex, partly because of the... 

Systematic features in the structural chemistry of the uranium halides, oxyhalides and related transition metal and lanthanide halides, J. C. Taylor, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1976, 20,197-273 (205). 

J.D. Corbett, Structural and bonding principles in metal halide cluster chemistry. In Modem Perspectives in Inorganic Crystal Chemistry (E. Parthe, ed.), p. 27. Kluwer, 1992. 

The structural chemistry of the organotin halides is dominated by their Lewis acid properties and their propensity to form five- and six-coordinate complexes. Self-association may give oligomers or polymers in the solid state, which usually dissociate in solution. The structure of tricyclohexyltin chloride in the crystal is temperature-dependent. At 108 K, it has the form of a rod-like polymer with distorted trigonal-bipyramidal tin and Sn-Cl separations of 245.6(7) and 300.77(7) pm, but at 298 K, the structure is best regarded as consisting of near-tetrahedral discrete molecules.3... 

The crystal chemistry of the phosphide oxides discussed above is closely related to the structural slabs of the well-known BaZn2P2 type (isolated /BaAU type (P2 pairs) and related compounds. This is different for the phosphide halide structures. Some relevant structures of the phosphide halides are presented in Figure 21 and a list is given in Table 9. These structures contain isolated phosphorus atoms, P2 pairs, or one-dimensional spirals like in the structure of elemental selenium. 

Ammonia complexes.. EflFect of complex formation on solubility. Cyanide complexes. The cyanide process of treating gold and silver ores. Complex halides and other complexes. Sodium thiosulfate as photographic fixer. Hydroxide complexes. Amphoteric hydroxides. Sulfide complexes. Equilibrium expressions for complex formation. Structural chemistry—tetrahedral, octahedral, square complexes. Existence of isomers. 

Halide complexes of Group 14 metals continue to offer surprises in their structural chemistry. A new fluoro complex of germanium GeyFig has been isolated from the decomposition of germanium(IV) fluoride and shown by crystallography to comprise sheets of [GegFio] clusters... 

The great Importance of closest packing in structural chemistry arises from the fact that the anions in many halides, oxides, and sulphides are close-packed (or approximately so) with the metal atoms occupying the interstices between them. As already noted, the polyhedral interstices between c.p. atoms are of two kinds, tetrahedral and octahedral (T and 0 in Fig. 4.7(b)). The number of tetrahedral holes is equal to twice the number of c.p. spheres the number of octahedral holes Is... 

A complete picture of the structural chemistry of a compound would require a knowledge of its structure in the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. The amount of information obtainable about the structure of a liquid halide is very limited, and few X-ray studies have been made. (Examples include Snl4, InClg, and Cdl2. ) We are therefore obliged to make direct comparisons of crystal and vapour. Strictly, these comparisons relate only to the process of sublimation, and if the compound is polymorphic the relevant crystal structure is that of the polymorph stable at the temperature of sublimation. 

This chapter is largely concerned with the structural chemistry of Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, and Pt, for the most part in finite complexes. The structures of the simpler compounds of these and other transition metals have been described under Halides, Oxides, etc. in the appropriate chapters. Other groups of compounds described in earlier chapters include hydrido compounds, oxo-, peroxo-, and superoxo-compounds, carbonyls, and nitrosyls, in Chapters 11, 12, and 18, respectively. We note here a few general points. 

A.F. Wells (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford - Chapter 9 gives a detailed account of inorganic halide structures. 

J. H. Canterford and R. Colton, Halides of the Second and Third Row Transition Series, Intcrsciencc-Wilcy, 1968 (an exhaustive reference on halides and halide complexes) G. Thiele and K. Brodcrson, Fortschr. Chcin. Forsch., 1968,10,631 (structural chemistry of platinum halides). 

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