Halide: functional group, 34 example naming

ALKYL HALIDES Name functional group first, such as chlorine, which would become chloro, fluorine would become fluoro, and so on. Then name the hydrocarbon backbone one carbon would be methane, two carbons ethane, and so on. For exanple, chloro methane. Or name the hydrocarbon backbone first one carbon would become methyl, two carbons ethyl, and so on. Then name the functional group and add ide for an ending. For example, chlorine would become chloride, fluorine would become fluoride, and so on. An example is methyl chloride. 

The secondary alcohol, whose common name is isopropyl alcohol, is the major component in rubbing alcohol. We also describe other functional groups such as halides as primary, secondary, and tertiary. For example. 

In this chapter, we will be discussing the chemistry of carboxylic acids, esters, acyl halides, anhydrides, and amides. This is dominated by substitution, where one group is exchanged with another. Substitution is NOT possible for aldehydes and ketones, as you can t displace H or — they are hopeless leaving groups. First, let s review some nomenclature. The suffix for carboxylic acids is -oic acid and the carbonyl of the acid is always numbered as C-1. The acid takes precedence over most other functional groups. Some examples are shown in Figure 15.1. Notice that when we have both a ketone and an acid in the molecule, it is named as a carboxylic acid, and the ketone is described as oxo. ... 

In some cases, a functional group simply takes the place of an H atom in a hydrocarbon chain or ring. Such is the case with alcohols and alkyl halides (dso called haloalkanes). When naming alcohols and alkyl halides, we must identify the position of the —OH group or halogen atom in the molecule. For example, consider the following possibilities that arise when a Br atom takes the place of a hydrogen atom in pentane ... 

Non-acidic functional replacement analogues are named by replacing the word acid with the appropriate class name occurring earliest in the following list hydrazide, halide, azide, amide, cyanide, nitride, imide. Other replacing groups are denoted by infixes, as described earlier for acidic functional replacement analogues. The examples below are derived from phosphoric acid. 

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