Halide comparison

Relative Electronegativities of Zeolite Anion and Halides—Comparison of Anion Net Charges Calculated by Molecular Orbital Theory using B3LYP/LANL2DZ with NBO Method ... 

The heats of formation of the gaseous atoms, 4, are not very different clearly, it is the change in the bond dissociation energy of HX, which falls steadily from HF to HI, which is mainly res ponsible for the changes in the heats of formation. 6. We shall see later that it is the very high H—F bond energy and thus the less easy dissoeiation of H—F into ions in water which makes HF in water a weak aeid in comparison to other hydrogen halides. 

Comparison of SnI and Sn2 Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Substitution in Alkyl Halides... 

Comparison of Physical Properties of an Arene, a Phenol, and an Aryl Halide... 

Triflates of aluminum, gallium and boron, which are readily available by the reaction of the corresponding chlorides with triflic acid, are effective Fnedel-Crafis catalysis for alkylation and acylation of aromatic compounds [119, 120] Thus alkylation of toluene with various alkyl halides m the presence of these catalysts proceeds rapidly at room temperature 111 methylene chloride or ni-tromethane Favorable properties of the triflates in comparison with the correspond mg fluorides or chlorides are considerably decreased volatility and higher catalytic activity [120]... 

The other hydrogen halides are less tractable as solvents, as might be expected from their physical properties (p. 813), especially their low bps, short liquid ranges, low dielectric constants and negligible self-dissociation into ions. Nevertheless, they have received some attention, both for comparison with HF and as preparative media with their own special advantages.In particular, because of their low bp and consequent ease of removal, the liquid HX solvent systems have provided convenient routes to BX4, BF3C1 ,... 

Vitanov and Popov et al.156 660-662 have studied Cd(0001) electrolyti-cally grown in a Teflon capillary in an aqueous surface-inactive electrolyte solution. The E is independent of ce) and v. The capacity dispersion is less than 5%, and the electrode resistance dispersion is less than 3%. The adsorption of halides increases in the order Cl" < Br" < I".661 A comparison with other electrodes shows an increase in adsorption in the sequence Cd(0001) < pc-Cd < Ag( 100) < Ag(l 11). A linear Parsons-Zobel plot with /pz = 1.09 has been found at a = 0. A slight dependence has been found for the Cit a curves on ce, ( 5%) in the entire region of a. Theoretical C, E curves have been calculated according to the GCSG model. 

These considerations also explain the occurrence of cases of dimorphism involving the sodium chloride and cesium chloride structures. It would be expected that increase in thermal agitation of the ions would smooth out the repulsive forces, that is, would decrease the value of the exponent n. Hence the cesium chloride structure would be expected to be stable in the low temperature region, and the sodium chloride structure in the high-temperature region. This result may be tested by comparison with the data for the ammonium halides, if we assume the ammonium ion to approximate closely to spherical symmetry. The low-temperature form of all three salts, ammonium chloride, bromide and iodide, has the cesium chloride structure, and the high-temperature form the sodium chloride structure. Cesium chloride and bromide are also dimorphous, changing into another form (presumably with the sociium chloride structure) at temperatures of about 500°. 

These are anions of very low nucleophilicity. The energy gain during the formation of the covalent species is strongly reduced in comparison with the halide ions. When... 

Because of the high C - F bond energy, glycosyl fluorides are stable in comparison to the other glycosyl halides, and this character has attracted much attention. They have been prepared in many different ways. One of them, rather classical, is through addition of the elements of HF (for example, HF in benzene ), BrF, or IF to per-O-acylated glycals. ... 

Schneemeyer LF, Wrighton MS (1980) n-Type molybdenum diselenide-based photoelectrochemical cells Evidence for Fermi level pinning and comparison of the efficiency for conversion of light to electricity with various solvent/halogen/halide combinations. J Am Chem Soc 102 6964-6971... 

Figure 3 shows 13c MAS spectra of acetone-2-13c on various materials. Two isotropic peaks at 231 and 227 ppm were observed for acetone on ZnCl2 powder, and appreciable chemical shift anisotropy was reflected in the sideband patterns at 193 K. The 231 ppm peak was in complete agreement with the shift observed for acetone diffused into ZnY zeolite. A much greater shift, 245 ppm, was observed on AICI3 powder. For comparison, acetone has chemical shifts of 205 ppm in CDCI3 solution, 244 ppm in concentrated H2SO4 and 249 ppm in superacid solutions. The resonance structures 5 for acetone on metal halide salts underscore the similarity of the acetone complex to carbenium ions. The relative contributions of the two canonical forms rationalizes the dependence of the observed isotropic 13c shift on the Lewis acidity of the metal halide. 

Considering that the standard enthalpies of formation of various oxides, sulfides, and halides of As, Sb, and Bi are very close to each other, the similarity between this value and the standard enthalpy for the surface formation of As(OH)3, A//f = —680 + 20 kJ/mol, was taken as an indication that, indeed, the As redox process on Pt(l 11) involves the formation of hydroxide species [Blais et al., 2001]. For comparison with A/7 for the surface formation of Bi(OH)2, the strategy followed... 

In anion-jt interactions with electron-deficient (neutral) aromatic tt-acceptors, the halide lies preferentially over the periphery of the aromatic ring (as illustrated in Fig. 13a) and this is apparently related to the shape of the acceptor LUMO (presented for comparison in Fig. 13b). 

Fig. 13 a Location of the halide anions above the tetracyanopyrazine (o) and tetracyano-benzene ( ) ir-systems (adapted from [24]) in comparison with b the LUMO shape of the TCP acceptor... 

Only a few recent examples of halogen bonding of halogenated TTFs with halometallate anions have been described and this most probably represents a broad development field in this area. Indeed, these halometallate salts offer a wide variety of complexes and specifically here a large variation of the ratio of anion charge vs number of halide atoms, as already discussed above in the comparison between Br and 13 salts. This point is illustrated by the superb structures of two salts of EDT-TTF-I2 with the polymeric one-dimensional PbV (Fig. 9) and two-dimensional (Pbs/eDi/eh) anions where shorter C -1- -Ianion contacts are observed with the linear Pbl3 chains... 

Legon AC (2007) The Interaction of Dihalogens and Hydrogen Halides with Lewis Bases in the Gas Phase An Experimental Comparison of the Halogen Bond and the Hydrogen Bond. 126 17-64... 

The IrIV anion, [Ir(H20)Br5], oxidises ascorbic acid at 20.0 °C.51 This reaction is first order with respect to ascorbic acid concentration and first order with respect to the Irlv anion. Comparison of hexabromo-, hexachloro, aquopentachloro-, and di-aquotetracholoiridium(IV) reactions with ascorbic acid shows that replacing a halide ion with a water molecule increases the standard reduction potential of the IrIV complex and increases the rate of reaction. 

---