Halogen halides

Halogens, halides. Hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, fluorine, silicon tetrafluoride... 

Halogens Halide acids, moist, e.g., hydrocliloric hydrolysis products of organic hjJides ... 

The Additivity of the Energies of Normal Covalent Bonds. The Hydrogen Halides and the Halogen Halides.—It is found that there exists a convincing body of empirical evidence in support of the postulate6 that the energies of normal covalent bonds are additive that is... 

Schneemeyer LF, Wrighton MS (1980) n-Type molybdenum diselenide-based photoelectrochemical cells Evidence for Fermi level pinning and comparison of the efficiency for conversion of light to electricity with various solvent/halogen/halide combinations. J Am Chem Soc 102 6964-6971... 

The other halogen halides, HC1, HBr, and HI, are insoluble in liquid hydrogen fluoride and are given off as gases in reactions in which they... 

Detailed discussions were given of (i) the weak acidity of HF compared to the other halogen halides, (ii) the weak acidity olT ICN. 

Iodine monobromide, like the other binary halogen compounds, has the faculty of forming polyhalides additively. They are obtained by the soln. of the halogen halide in a cone. soln. of the alkali halide salts. Thus, H. L. Wells and S. L. Pen-field 31 prepared KBr.IBr, CsCl.IBr, CsBr.IBr, RbBr.IBr, etc. Since CsBr2I is more stable than CsBrI2. it follows that it is the mutual affinity of the halogens themselves, rather than the volatility of the contained halogen, which determines the stability. 

In the vacuum ultraviolet, halogen halides partially dissociate into CN(B2E) and halogen atoms (264, 692). 

Amongst calculations on all the halogen halides and dihalogens, Ewig, Coffey, and Van Wazer28 performed four calculations on Br2 in which both the valence basis sets and the number of terms parameterizing the core-valence coulombic interaction were varied. For the latter, two forms were tried, as follows ... 

Halogen halides add across carbon-carbon double bonds. These additions follow Markovnikov s rule, which states that the positive part of a reagent (a hydrogen atom, for example) adds to the carbon of the double bond that already has more hydrogen atoms attached to it. The negative part adds to the other carbon of the double bond. Such an arrangement leads to the formation of the more stable carbocation over other less-stable intermediates. 

Selected Properties of Halogens, Halides, and Hypohalous Acids... 

Covalent hahdes can be prepared by various synthetic routes. The simplest are direct reactions of elemental halogens (equation 9), or hydrogen halides with elements (equation 10) or oxides (equation 11). In other processes, the oxides are reacted with a halogen halide in the presence of carbon to combine with the oxygen (equation 12) or other reactive carbon-halides (equation 13). Exchange of halogens can also take place (equations 14 16). Anhydrous halides can also be obtained by dehydration of metal halide hydrates, using reactants such as thionyl halide, which react with the hydrated water (equation 17). 

Complex Halogen-halides.—Two salts, diohlortetraquochromic bromide [(H20)4CrCl2]Br and dibromtetraquochromic chloride [(HaO) CrBr2]C1.2H20, have been described, as also has the compound,... 

These mercurated naphthylamine sulphonic acids react immediately with halogen halides, the mercury being freed, and in the case of potassium iodide solution mercuric iodide separates. 

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