Gut peptides

HJ Cooke. Intestinal salt and water transport. In JH Walsh, GJ Dockray, eds. Gut Peptides. New York Raven Press, 1994, pp 749-764. 

Glucagon-like peptide 1 abasis of a new class of treatment for type 2 diabetes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 47, 4128 134 (b) Vahl, T.P. and D Alessio, D.A. (2004) Gut peptides in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 13, 177-188 (c) Meier, J.J. and Nauck, M.A. 

GPR39 Brain-gut peptides Neuromedin U receptors ligands... 

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the brain-gut peptides. Its most abundant form in the brain is the C-terminal sulphated octapeptide fragment CCK8, which interacts with the same affinity with both CCK receptor subtypes, CCK-A and CCK-B. Extensive pharmacological studies have been carried out over the last few years suggesting that CCK may participate in the neuroendocrine responses to stress (Harro et al 1993 Dauge and Lena 1998). Interestingly, CCK8 and CRH are co-locahzed in neurons of the hypothalamic PVN (Mezey etal. 1985). 

Brain/gut peptides angiotensin Ty2 argvasopressiu V1 bombesin CCK peripheral substance P substance K NPY Neurotensin Somatostatin VIP... 

Shown to inhibit gut motility and gastrointestinal and pancreatic secretions. It inhibits appetite-stimulating NPY/AgRP-producing neurons (see below), thus signaUing food intake and damping hunger. Many of these gut peptides are incretin hormones, which also stimulate insulin release. 

Figure 7.10 Typical HPLC trace of the naturally occurring gut peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).

Somatostatin Somatostatin 1 to 5 receptors 14- and 28-residue peptide with a disulfide bridge Inhibit gut peptides and growth hormone Solid-phase V -Boc chemistry... 

VIP is a 28-amino-acid residue peptide amide isolated in 1970 by Said and Mutt in the course of the purification of secretin from porcine duodenum (47). It was characterized 2 years later as a highly basic peptide related to gut peptides. It inhibits acid and pepsin secretion, acts as a neurotransmitter in peripheral autonomic nervous system, and increases secretion of water and electrolytes from pancreas and gut. 

Cholecystokinin(CCK)and related peptide fragments such as CCK-33 and CCK-8 are a class of gut peptides that act as short-term... 

Several other gut peptides such as en-terostatin or gastrin-releasing-peptide (and other bombesin-like peptides) are also involved in initiating satiation responses after food intake. The roles of these peptides in regulating food intake have been reviewed elsewhere (34). 

Neyrinck AM, Van Hee VF, Piront N, et al. Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with prebiotic effect increase satietogerric gut peptides and reduce metabolic endotoxemia in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Diabetes. 2012 2 e28. 

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