Guinea pigs inhalation exposure

Guinea pig Inhalation 140 30 min Animals unable to run on a wheel by 17 min into exposure. Malekand Alarie 1989... 

Guinea pig Inhalation 590 30 min Incapacitated at QJ min into exposure lacrimation, frothing Male Li and Alarie 1989... 

Guinea pig Inhalation 2, 10 ppm 3 d continu- ously At 10 ppm in 45-d old animals, toxicity included difficulty moving, reduced food and water consumption, hyperventilation. All exposed animals had reduced body weight after 45 d. 60% of 55-d old animals died at 10 ppm, most of them after 24 h exposure. Azoulay- Dupuis et al. 1983... 

FIGURE 51.2. Schematic illustration of combined interspecies and route-to-route extrapolation. The arrow represents the extrapolation of guinea pig subcutaneous exposure data to human inhalation exposure situations. 

A previously developed PBPK-PD model for the CWNA surrogate DFP was parameterized to simulate the concentration and effects of low-level chemical warfare agents (CWAs) in the guinea pig after exposure by inhalation and subcutaneous injection. The model code was written to account for absorption of CWAs from multiple sites (respiratory tract - lower and upper, dermal, ocular) after... 

Che, M.M., Conti, M., Boylan, M., et al., 2008. Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid acetylcholinesterase levels following microinstillation inhalation exposure to sarin in guinea pigs. Inhal. Toxicol. 20, 821-828. 

Bromothiophenes are toxic materials by aU routes. Inhalation toxicity of 2-bromothiophene is significant. Ecotoxicity is also noted for these materials, particularly for 2-bromo-3-methylthiophene. 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde and the 3-methyl derivative can cause minor irritation to the skin and eyes of rabbits. The former is a sensitizer to guinea pig skin, the latter is not. 2-Acetylthiophene is toxic in aU modes of contact. Severe exposure causes serious inflammation of the lung, damage to many organs, and depression of the central nervous system. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment goggles plastic gloves Symptoms Following Exposure Vapors and liquid are unlikely to cause harm General Treatment for Exposure flush eyes and skin with water Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold limit Value) Not pertinent Short-Term Inhalation limits Not pertinent Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 1, LD, 5 to 15 g/kg (guinea pig) Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Vapors are non-irritation to the eyes and skin Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics No appreciable hazard. Practically harmless to the skin Odor Threshold Not pertinent. 

Much of the pulmonary NEP activity is believed to reside in the epithelium, as has been demonstrated in the ferret (Borson et al., 1986), and thus it is likely that inhaled ozone would preferentially destroy luminal NEP before affecting any enzymes in the vasculature, which may degrade peptides delivered by the intravenous route. This may explain the route-dependency of BHR after ozone in guinea pigs. Further evidence that the oxidant effects of inhaled ozone are selective is provided by the findings that pressor responses to angiotensin I (which requires conversion by ACE to angiotensin II) were not altered by ozone exposure (Yeadon et eU., 1992). 

---