Artificially illuminated

Yields of algae grown in outdoor pond cultures (Table 1) are on the order of 15-40 g/(m -d) (24 short tons pet acre pet year). Higher yields can be obtained under artificial illumination, but growth of algae under these conditions is not economically feasible. 

There are costs associated with loss of visibility and solar energy. These include increased need for artificial illumination and heating delays, disruptions, and accidents involving air, water, and land traffic vegetation growth reduction associated with reduced photosynthesis and commercial losses associated with the decreased attractiveness of a dingy communiW... 

Hurlbert and Poggio (1987, 1988) have shown that color constancy may be learnt from examples. Owing to computational constraints, they worked on individual lines of simulated color Mondrians. The color Mondrians were created by artificially illuminating a reflectance image of a color Mondrian with illumination gradients. In their model, the measurement made by the sensor / is proportional to the product of the illumination intensity L and the surface reflectance R. 

The Influence of Artificial Light.—The chemical changes induced by the combustion of coal-gas, as a source of artificial illumination, may be enumerated as follows ... 

The Starlight Scope presents many advantages over the IR viewer. It does not require a source of artificial illumination so that the complete unit weighs much less than a Sniperscope (4 pounds vs... 

Two devices have recently been developed which further advance see-1n-the-dark technology. The U.S.Army AN/PAS-7 thermal viewer is a binocular size instrument containing an array of supercooled (-160 F) lead selenide elements which detect minute temperature differences and create an instantaneous television display of these differences.This means that the observer can detect a soldier hidden behind foliage since that person s body temperature differs from the ambient temperature. Also, the thermal viewer can be used to see through fog and haze, and has been evaluated for detecting landmines. The entire unit weighs only 6 pounds, is powered by a belt-mounted battery, and does not require artificial illumination. 

The reconstituted freshwater used during the D. magna culture and tests was prepared following a recipe recommended as being suitable for producing a hard water by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1975). The tests were carried out in a temperature-controlled room set at a nominal 20 2°C with artificial illumination of the test vessels on a 16 h light/8 h dark automatic cycle. 

The A. tonsa used in this study were obtained from Guernsey Sea Farms (Vale, Guernsey) as age-standardised adults. On arrival they were transferred to a temperature-controlled room (20 2°C) with artificial illumination on a 16 h light/8h dark automatic cycle. They were maintained under these conditions prior to the start of the toxicity test. The seawater in which the A. tonsa were transported was not renewed or aerated during this time. The A. tonsa were transferred to a 101 glass vessel that was topped up with seawater and then they were fed ad libitum with a mixed algal diet (Pavlova lutheri and Tetraselmis suecica) supplied by Guernsey Sea Farms. 

The effect is only operative when the incident rays contain a significant proportion of ultra-violet light, and is therefore less apparent under artificial illumination. 

The photolysis of bentazon has been investigated by Eastin (1974) and by Nilles and Zabik (1975). According to the investigations of Eastin, during 288 hours of artificial illumination bentazon was converted into four volatile degradation products. Photolysis was the most rapid on irradiation with short wavelength ultraviolet light. 

When artificial illumination is obtained from lamps or candles, or from gas in small quantity and for a short time, the contamination of the air is sufficiently compensated by the ventilation through imperfect closing of the windows. A room without a-window should never be used for human habitation. 

Several configurations have been proposed for artificially illuminated photocatalytic reactors. These can be grouped into two main categories, as described in Table 2.2, with respect to the state of the Ti02 catalyst as either immobilized or in suspension (slurry). 

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