Group Training Techniques

Group training techniques encourage audience participation and a free exchange of ideas and information. This method of instruction can involve any combination of several forms  

Further discussion of these various methods can be found in some of the material listed in Section 6.7. 

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Selection and initial and continuing training of workers to reduce the risk of injuries from human failure identification of training needs individual and group training techniques. Provision of information on hazards and reasons for appropriate systems of work. Definition and design of messages choice and use of media. 

You do not need to cover each chemical. Break your chemicals down into groups, such as paints or solvents, and discuss the hazards and precautions of the group as a whole. This saves a lot of time, but also is more effective as a training technique. 

Training methods are selected on the basis of the training objectives, the needs assessment, the audience analysis, and intent of the training. A toolbox of various training techniques can then be applied where appropriate to a specific group or audience (Table 12.8). 

Although the problem of compilation of training and test datasets is crucial, unfortunately no de-faao standard technique has been introduced. Nevertheless, we discuss here a method that was designed within our group, and that is used quite successfully in our studies. The method is mainly addressed to the task of finding and removing redundancy. 

The two most useful supplementary techniques for the light microscope are EDS and FTIR microscopy. Energy dispersed x-ray systems (EDS) and Eourier-transform infrared absorption (ETIR) are used by chemical microscopists for elemental analyses (EDS) of inorganic compounds and for organic function group analyses (ETIR) of organic compounds. Insofar as they are able to characterize a tiny sample microscopically by PLM, EDS and ETIR ensure rapid and dependable identification when appHed by a trained chemical microscopist. 

While you may gtoup trainees in any of a number of ways, consider at least four btoad categories managers, trainers, employees, and others—for example, contractors. The following discussion focuses on the training needs of each of these trainee groups and some of the techniques you may want to consider for addressing them. 

Like broadband analysis, narrowband analysis also monitors the overall energy, but for a user-selected band of frequency components. The ability to select specific groups of frequencies, or narrowbands, increases the usefulness of the data. Using this technique can drastically reduce the manpower required to monitor machine-trains and improve the accuracy of detecting incipient problems. 

Another group has evaluated self-organizing maps [63] and shape/ pharmacophore models [64]. They developed a new method termed SQUIRREL to compare molecules in terms of both shape and pharmacophore points. Thus from a commercial library of 199,272 compounds, 1926 were selected based on self-organizing maps trained on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARa) "activity islands." The compounds were further evaluated with SQUIRREL and 7 out of 21 molecules selected were found to be active in PPARa. Furthermore, a new virtual screening technique (PhAST) was developed based on representation of molecules as text strings that describe their pharmacophores [65]. 

Psychotherapies for PTSD include anxiety management (e.g., stress-inoculation training, relaxation training, biofeedback, distraction techniques), CBT, group therapy, hypnosis, psychodynamic therapies, and psychoeducation. Psychotherapy may be used in patients with mild symptoms, those who prefer not to use medications, or in conjunction with drugs in those with severe symptoms to improve response. 

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