Group N streptococci

Figure 13.2 Metabolism of lactose as it is believed to occur in starter culture strains of Group N streptococci. (Adapted from Lawrence et al. 1976 and Thompson 1979.)...

When grown in alkaline media, certain species of lactic acid bacteria decrease production of LDH, resulting in increased formation of formate, acetate, and ethanol as end products. This phenomenon has been observed in S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens (Gunsalus and Niven 1942), Streptococcus durans, S. thermophilus, (Platt and Foster 1958), and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Rhee and Pack 1980). Data of Rhee and Pack (1980) indicate that a phosphoroclastic split of pyruvate occurs under alkaline conditions to yield ATP. The enzymes involved in this reaction (pyruvate formate-lyase and acetate kinase) require alkaline conditions for optimum activity. A shift from homo- to heterofermentation because of increased pH has not been observed for Group N streptococci. 

Anders, R. F., Hogg, D. M. and Jago, G. R. 1970A. Formation of hydrogen peroxide by Group N streptococci and its effect on their growth and metabolism. Appl. Microbiol. 19, 608-612. 

Bissett, D. L. and Anderson, R. L. 1974B. Lactose and D-galactose metabolism in Group N streptococci Presence of enzymes for both the D-glactose 1-phosphate and d-tagatose 6-phosphate pathways. J. Bacteriol 117, 318-320. 

Law, B. A. 1979B. Extracellular peptidases in Group N streptococci used as cheese starters. J. Appl. Bacterial 46, 455-463. 

Mattick, A. T. R. and Hirsch, A. 1944. A powerful inhibitory substance produced by group N streptococci. Nature 154, 551. 

Thomas, T. D. 1976B. Regulation of lactose fermentation in Group N streptococci. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32, 474-478. 

Moyle PM, Barozzi N, Wimmer N, Olive C, Good M, Toth I (2005) Development of peptide vaccines against HPV-16 associated cervical cancer and group A streptococci. Biopolymers 80(4) 556-557... 

Fig. 40.—Agar-diffusion pattern of the acid hydrolyzate of antigens and anti-group L Streptococci serum (S) acid hydrolyzate of group L polysaccharide (well A) native group L polysaccharide (well N), and enzyme hydrolyzate of group L polysaccharide (well E). Photograph of the paper chromatogram, showing release of carbohydrate from the polysaccharide by 1 h of acid hydrolysis, and of enzyme hydrolysis for 6-h periods.

L-Glutamine donates nitrogen for hexosamine synthesis in Neurospora crassa and for the n-glucosamine units of hyaluronate in streptococci. Of twenty-three amino acids (and ammonium chloride) tested with group A streptococci, L-glutamine was the only consistent nitrogen-donor for... 

Bergeron MG, Ke D, Menard C, Picard FJ, Gagnon M, Bernier M, et al. Rapid detection of group B streptococci in pregnant women at delivery. N Engl JMed 2000 343 175-9. 

Seppala H, Klaukka T, Vuopio-Varkila J, et al. The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Einland. N Engl J Med 1997 337 441 46. 

Carbohydrate Moiety of Stem Bromelain. An Application of the Almond Glycopeptidase for Stmctural Studies of Glycopeptides , Journal of Biological Chemistry, 254,10715-19 Ishimoto, N. Strominger, J.L. (1967) Uridine Diphosphate as the Sole Uridine Nucleotide Product of Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis of Group A Streptococci , Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 148, 296-7... 

Heden LO, Frithz E, Lindahl G. Molecular characterization of an IgA receptor from group B streptococci sequence of the gene, identification of a proline-rich region with unique structure and isolation of N-terminal fragments with IgA-binding capacity. EurJ Immunol 1991 21(6) 1481-1490. 

Orefici, G., de Stasio, A., Guarino, M., Martini, A., and Orsi, N., 1984, Group b streptococci Extracellular Neuraminidase production and virulence in mouse, Microbiologica 7 75-78. 

Using this procedure, Consden and Stanier were able to show that a hydrolyzate of Group A hemolytic streptococci contained hexosamine, rhamnose, ribose, and glucose and, also, that a hydrolyzate of purified, human fibrin contained uronic acid, hexosamine, mannose, and galactose. A similar combination of techniques has been employed by Woodin in a study of the composition of a comeal mucopolysaccharide. It is of interest that the conditions of acidic hydrolysis necessary for releasing the n-glucos-amine moiety from heparin also result in destruction of the concomitantly released n-glucuronic acid. Traces of the intact uronic acid may be revealed by zone electrophoresis of the hydrolyzates. ... 

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