Groundwater quality

Location Aquifer Gravesend Chaik Watford Chaik Bourne, Lines. Great Ooiite Summerfieid, Worcs. Sherwood Sandstone Thornton, Northumberiand Feii Sandstone 

Note TDS = total dissolved solids CH = carbonate hardness N-CH = non-carbonate hardness  

ND not determined. Classification of TDS (mg h ) fresh = less than 1000 slightly saline = 1000 to 3000 moderately saline = 3000 to 10,000 very saline = 10,000 to 35,000 briny = over 35,000. Classification of hardness (mg h as CaCOs) soft = under 60 moderately hard = 60-120 hard = 120-180 very hard = over 180. 

Magnesium, sodium and potassium are less common cations, and sulphate, chloride and nitrate (to some extent) are less common anions, although the latter may be present in significant concentrations in some groundwaters. Dolomite is the common source of magnesium 

Common sources of potassium are the feldspars and micas of the igneous and metamorphic rocks. Potash minerals such as sylvite occur in some evaporitic sequences, but their contribution is not important. Although the abundance of potassium in the Earth s crust is similar to that of sodium, its concentration in groundwater is usually less than a tenth that of sodium. Most groundwater contains less than 10 mg As with sodium, potassium is highly soluble and therefore is not easily removed from groundwater except by ion exchange. 

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Foster, S.S.D. et al. (2000) Groundwater Quality Monitoring, Spon Press. 

Determine groundwater quality, movement, occurrence, productivity... 

Wisconsin Public Health Groundwater Quality Standards Enforcement Standard Preventative Action Limit 1.8 pg/L 0.18 pg/L WAC 1985... 

Meisinger, J.J., Hargrove, W.L., Mikkelsen, R.L., Williams, J.R., and Benson, V.W., Effects of cover crops on groundwater quality, in Cover Crops for Clean Water, Hargrove, W.L., Ed., Soil Conservation Society, 1991, pp. 57-68. 

Model selection, application and validation are issues of major concern in mathematical soil and groundwater quality modeling. For the model selection, issues of importance are the features (physics, chemistry) of the model its temporal (steady state, dynamic) and spatial (e.g., compartmental approach resolution) the model input data requirements the mathematical techniques employed (finite difference, analytic) monitoring data availability and cost (professional time, computer time). For the model application, issues of importance are the availability of realistic input data (e.g., field hydraulic conductivity, adsorption coefficient) and the existence of monitoring data to verify model predictions. Some of these issues are briefly discussed below. 

Prickett, T.A., T.G. Naymik and C.G. Lonnquist (19810. A random walk solute transport model for selected groundwater quality evaluations. Illinois State Water Survey, Bulletin 65. 

WAC. 1985. Groundwater quality. Wisconsin Administrative Code. Chapter NR 140. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 

Hildebrandt A, Guillamon M, Lacorte S, Tauler R, Barcelo D (2008) Impact of pesticides used in agriculture and vineyards to surface and groundwater quality (North Spain). Water Res 42(13) 3315-3326... 

Methods for obtaining a national-scale overview of groundwater quality... 

The influence of soil and bedrock on trace metal concentrations and groundwater quality in northern Finland... 

The New Brunswick Groundwater Chemistry Atlas a geographical representation of groundwater quality in New Brunswick... 

KEYWORDS groundwater quality, domestic well logs, inorganic chemistry, database, New... 

Under the Potable Water Regulation of the New Brunswick Clean Water Act, the Province of New Brunswick maintains a database of groundwater quality data collected from domestic water wells drilled since 1994. 

In 2006, as a means of making these data available in a spatial format to various user groups, the New Brunswick Department of Environment (DENV) began development of a series of thematic maps of groundwater quality using information in the domestic water well database. The goal was to develop a series of maps, which could be publicly... 

The Atlas should be used for general information purposes only, and independent confirmation of groundwater quality for specific sites is recommended. 

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