Groundwater experimental

Tadolini T, Spizzico M (1998) Relation between terra rossa from the Apulia aquifer of Italy and the radon content of groundwater experimental results and their applicability to radon occurrence in the aquifer. Hydrogeol J 6 450-454... 

Figure 8.18. Measured redox potentials in a deep groundwater. Experimental values of the measured redox potentials (recalculated to the standard hydrogen electrode scale) versus (3pH + log[Fe ]). The concentration of [Fe J has been obtained from the analytical determinations by correction for the complex formation with carbonate. The notation refers to the different test sites. The full-drawn line has been calculated using the selected value of the standard potential E. The straight line has the theoretical Nemstian slope of +0.056 V, at the temperature of measurements. (Adapted from Grenthe et al., 1992.)...

Sorption of plutonium (l.fixlO-11 M) and americium (2xl0-9 M) in artificial groundwater (salt concentration 300 mg/liter total carbonate 120 mg/liter Ref. 59) on some geologic minerals, quartz, biotite, o apatite, o attapulgite, montmorillonite. Dashed lines indicate the range for major minerals in igneous rocks. Experimental conditions room temperature, particle size 0.04-0.06 mm, solid/liquid ratio 6-10 g/1, aerated system, contact time 6 days. 

Models of chemical reactions of trace pollutants in groundwater must be based on experimental analysis of the kinetics of possible pollutant interactions with earth materials, much the same as smog chamber studies considered atmospheric photochemistry. Fundamental research could determine the surface chemistry of soil components and processes such as adsorption and desorption, pore diffusion, and biodegradation of contaminants. Hydrodynamic pollutant transport models should be upgraded to take into account chemical reactions at surfaces. 

We know, however, that isotope exchange in nature tends to be a slow process, especially at low temperature (e.g., O Neil, 1987). This knowledge comes from experimental study (e.g., Cole and Ohmoto, 1986) as well as from the simple observation that, unless they have reacted together, groundwaters and minerals are... 

Environmental Fate. Experimental data are available regarding the transport and partitioning properties of chloroform in surface waters (Bean et al. 1985 Clark et al. 1982 Class and Ballschmidter 1986 Dilling 1977 Ferrario et al. 1985 Piwoni et al. 1986 Sawhney 1989). Chloroform partitions mainly into the atmosphere and into groundwater. Empirical measurements or model predictions on half-disappearance times in such media as soil could not be identified in the literature. Chloroform can be transported long distances in air. Data are available regarding the degradation of chloroform in the... 

Hntzler, N.J., Crittenden. J.C., and Gierke. J.S. Transport of organic compounds with saturated groundwater flow experimental resnlts. WaterResourc. Res., 22(3) 285-295,1986. 

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