Groundwater chemical composition

As stated earlier, the chemical composition of the groundwater is of uttermost importance when it comes to the design of any ATES system. The reason is the potential risks for functional problems with wells and other components in the system. 

The chemical composition of the soil and groundwater, specifically the amount of natural organic matter (NOM) and other reduced species, such as iron (II) or manganese (II) often analyzed as the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the soil, or the soil oxidant demand. 

Trace elements are discharged into the ocean in particulate and dissolved form as a component of river runoff and groundwater seeps. They are introduced into these waters during the chemical and mechanical weathering of crustal rocks. Thus, the chemical composition of river water is dependent on the composition of the rocks in the... 

This will influence the flow of groundwater to and from the wastes and the chemical composition of. the groundwater. Also It will adsorb water-borne radioactive nuclides and retard their movement. 

Effects of Groundwater Composition and Eh. Radionuclide sorption on geologic solids is dependent on the chemical composition of the groundwater solution and the redox potential (Eh) of the solid-groundwater system. Aquifers at various depths in the Columbia Plateau formation have -been observed to have significant differences in composition. To accurately model radionuclide migration, it is necessary to understand the effects of chemical components and Eh on sorption and solubility of key radionuclides. An additional benefit of this work is to better understand the mechanisms of sorption and desorption of the radionuclides. 

There should be good representation of local recent groundwaters, for example, the full spectrum of salinity, chemical composition groups, and temperatures. 

Andrews, J.N., Youngman, M.J., Goldbrunner, J.E., and Darling, W.G. (1987) The Arad, A., Kafri, U., Halicz, L., and Brenner, I. (1984) Chemical composition of some trace and minor elements in natural groundwaters in Israel. Geol. Survey Israel, Rep. 29/84. 

An acid mine water mixes downstream of a mine with groundwater of the following chemical composition (Table 33). 

The basic idea is to reconstruct geochemical evolution of the groundwater from its chemical composition. For example, knowing the chemical composition of a well on the one hand and an analysis of the rainwater on the other, it will be possible to reconstruct which geological formation the rainwater must have passed after its infiltration to change its chemical composition as the result of reactions with mineral and gas phases (dissolution, precipitation, degassing) in a way that accounts for the composition of the water from the well. 

---