Metallurgy abrasive wear

Practical considerations and experience tell us that in the metallurgy of Al, refractories are subjected to chemical wear, abrasion, and chemical attack, but they rarely go out of service because of cracking due to overloading. From a scientific point of view, the investigation of refractory brittleness is interesting [71], yet in industrial practice, people are usually satisfied with characteristics such as compression, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and abrasion resistance. The exception is carbon cathode blocks. 

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