Grignard reagents nitriles

The other way is to use a reagent for (1) which does not form the ketone in the presence of the Grignard reagent. Nitriles(cyanides) are ideal as the ketone is formed only when the imine (5) is hydrolysed during acidic work-up. The reaction between a carboxylate salt (6) and an alkyl-Hthium achieves the same result. ... 

Nitriles also react w ith Grignard reagents to give ketones, which arise from the hydrolysing action of the dilute sulphuric acid on the intermediate addition product. Acid amides beha e similarly. 

Strictly speaking the alkyl halides are esters of the halogen acids, but since they enter into many reactions (t.g., formation of Grignard reagents, reaction with potassium cyanide to yield nitriles, etc.) which cannot be brought about by the other eaters, the alkyl halides are usually distinguished from the esters of the other inorganic acids. The preparation of a number of these is described below. 

Section 20 20 Nitriles are useful starting materials for the preparation of ketones by reaction with Grignard reagents... 

Among the methods for preparing carboxylic acids carboxylation of a Grignard reagent and preparation and hydrolysis of a nitrile convert RBr to RCO2H The malonic ester synthesis converts RBr to RCH2CO2H... 

Titanium alkyls, known as tamed Grignard reagents, do not add to esters, nitriles, epoxides, or nitroalkanes at low temperatures. Rather, they add exclusively ia a 1,2 fashion to unsaturated aldehydes (208—210). 

Strong nucleophiles such as Grignard reagents. In general, ortho esters are difficult to prepare directly from acids and are therefore more often prepared from the nitrile. Simple ortho esters derived from normal alcohols are the least stable in terms of acid stability and stability toward Grignard reagents, but as the ortho ester becomes more constrained its stability increases. 

Craig s synthesis of nicotine (V to VII, p. 42) proceeds via nomicotine. Nicotinic acid nitrile reacts with the Grignard reagent derived from ethyl y-bromopropyl ether to give 3-pyridyl-y-ethoxypropyl ketone (V). This yields an oily oxime (VI) reducible to a-(3-pyridyl)-a-amino-8-ethoxy-w-butane (VII), which with 48 per cent, hydrobromic acid at 130-3° gives womicotine, and this on methylation yields dZ-nicotine. 

The carbon-nitrogen triple bond of nitriles is much less reactive toward nucleophilic addition than is the car bon-oxygen double bond of aldehydes and ketones. Strongly basic nucleophiles such as Grignard reagents, however, do react with nitriles in a reaction that is of synthetic value ... 

The irnine formed by nucleophilic addition of the Grignard reagent to the nitrile is normally not isolated but is hydrolyzed directly to a ketone. The overall sequence is used as a means of preparing ketones. 

The conversion of a nitrile R —CN into a ketone R —CO—R demonstrates that polarized multiple bonds other than C=0 also react with Grignard reagents, and that such reactions are synthetically useful. Esters 22 and acid chlorides can react subsequently with two equivalents of RMgX the initially formed tetravalent product from the first addition reaction can decompose to a ketone that is still reactive, and reacts with a second RMgX. The final product 23 then contains two substituents R, coming from the Grignard reagent ... 

Nitriles (RC=N) react with Grignard reagents (R MgBr). The reaction produc from 2-methylpropanenitrile with methylmagnesium bromide has the fol lowing spectroscopic properties. Propose a structure. 

Reaction of Nitriles with Organometallic Reagents Grignard reagents add to a nitrile to give an intermediate imine anion that is hydrolyzed by addition of water to yield a ketone. 

A ketone results from the reaction between a Grignard reagent and a nitrile, with the C=N carbon of the nitrile becoming the carbonyl carbon. Identify the two groups attached to the carbonyl carbon atom in the product. One will come from the Grignard reagent, and the other will come from the nitrile. 

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