Greengard, Paul

Eric R. Kandel, a professor at Columbia University, is one of the world leaders in the science of the central nervous system, which he prefers to call the science of mind. A winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2000, together with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard, for his studies on the mechanism of learning, he has written the history of his life in science in an elegant book In Search of Memory. In this book, Kandel defines five principles of the science of mind. Here they are (and I quote directly) ... 

Paul Greengard Physiology/Medicine Discovery of the dopamine signaling cascade... 

ERIC AAMODT PHILIPPE ASCHER DONARD S. DWYER MARTIN GIURFA PAUL GREENGARD NOBU HATTORI DARCY KELLEY BEAU LOTTO MICAELA MORELLI JUDITH PRATT EVAN SNYDER JOHN WADDINGTON... 

At this time, there was no knowledge of the molecular basis of chlor-promazine s effect or the molecular target. Knowledge of the molecular basis came 20 years later in 1972 when Paul Greengard s laboratory established the cormection with the dopamine receptor Dj. This led the whole industry to look for a new antipsychotic better than chlorpromazine and to new agents tested directly in multiple clinical trials. Further research 20 years later showed that much of the antipsychotic effect was through another variant of the dopamine receptor, the D2 receptor, not the originally... 

Arvid Carlsson Paul Greengard Eric R. Kandel... 

It was named Dopamine because it was a monoamine, and its synthetic precursor was 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). He was awarded Nobel Prize in 2000 along with Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard in Medicine for showing that dopamine is not just a precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline, but also neurotransmitter as well. DO is a type of neurotransmitter naturally produced in by the human body. It is also a neurohormone released by the hypothalamus. It is a chemical messenger that is similar to adrenaline and affects the brain processes that control movement, emotional response, and the capacity to feel pleasure and pain. It is vital for performing balanced and controlled movements [172,173], In the extra-cellular fluid of the central nervous system, the basal DO concentration is very low (0.01-1 pM). Abnormal levels of DO have been linked with Parkinson s disease, Tourette s syndrome, Schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorder and generation of pituitary tumours [174-176],... 

H. Coumans 22 Donald J. Graves 24 Paul Greengard 19 Michael J. Gresser 24... 

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