Carlsson, Arvid

Dual action of methadone on 5-HT synthesis and metabolism Ahtee, Liisa Carlsson, Arvid... 

Eric R. Kandel, a professor at Columbia University, is one of the world leaders in the science of the central nervous system, which he prefers to call the science of mind. A winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2000, together with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard, for his studies on the mechanism of learning, he has written the history of his life in science in an elegant book In Search of Memory. In this book, Kandel defines five principles of the science of mind. Here they are (and I quote directly) ... 

Swedish chemist Arvid Carlsson discovers that dopamine is a neurotransmitter. 

Once the antidepressant effect of imipramine had been recognized, a large number of imipramine-like compounds with no really novel features were developed and marketed (Chapter 1). According to the Swedish pharmacologist Arvid Carlsson (1998), the next step occurred as follows "During the 1960s the mechanism of action of imipramine was generally believed to be a blockade of norepinephrine reuptake. However, late in the same decade this... 

Arvid Carlsson Ph y siology / Med icine Identification of dopamine as signaling molecule in brain... 

Dopamine receptor (Dl-R, D2-R) Arvid Carlsson (Sweden, D 5HT signalling), Paul Greengaard (USA, D signalling) Eric Kandel (Austria/USA, 5HT memory) (Nobel Prize, Physiology/ Medicine, 2000) 5.4... 

Synthetic Arvid Carlsson (Sweden, Nobel Prize, Physiology/Medicine, 2000)... 

These therapeutic approaches were suggested from the original work by Arvid Carlsson. Both approaches provide some degree of relief from tremors and rigidity for 15 to 20 years. Unfortunately, they do not stop or slow the disease, but as symptom treatments they are invaluable. 

Arvid Carlsson Paul Greengard Eric R. Kandel... 

Dopamine (DO) was discovered by Arvid Carlsson and Jils-Ake Hillarp at the Laboratory for Chemical Pharmacology of the National Heart Institute of Sweden, in 1952. 

Nevertheless, the "mixed" norepinephrine 1 serotonin uptake inhibitors imipramine and amitriptyline continued to be very popular, particularly in Europe. In Sweden, the neuropharmacologist Arvid Carlsson, originally a champion of the norepinephrine hypothesis, became interested in the idea of developing selective inhibitors of serotonin uptake. Having failed to interest any major pharmaceutical company in this idea, he collaborated with the chemist Hans Corrodi at the Swedish company Astra. They produced the first SSRI, zimelidine (46), which was more potent than... 

In the early 1970s, evidence of the role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) in depression began to emerge and the hypothesis that enhancing 5-HT neurotransmission would be a viable mechanism to mediate antidepressant response was put forward. In 1968, Arvid Carlsson (Goteborg, Sweden) had already found that, when an electrical impulse passed from one neuron to another, serotonin was released into the space between the neurons - the synapse - to help the message to be transmitted and its... 

Fig.6.1 Arvid Carlsson, who discovered that dopamine Is a neurotransmltter.

Arvid Carlsson was working with Brodie at that time in research involving the neurotransmitter, 5-HT. Amines and peptides released from axons at the end of nerve terminals cross synapses and activate or inhibit the electrical activity of postsynaptic neurons by binding to receptor proteins on the postsynaptic neurons. It was found that DA, 5-HT, GABA, benzodiazepine, acetylcholine, opioid, epinephrine, and NE are bound by receptors. Epinephrine is part of a class of molecules known as catecholamines that regulate the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. 

L-Dopa had been shown to be effective in treating dopamine deficiencies associated with Parkinson s disease (a discovery that earned Arvid Carlsson the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine). Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the brain. A dopamine deficiency cannot be treated by administering dopamine to the patient, because dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier. However, L-dopa can cross this barrier, and it is subsequently converted into dopamine in the central nervous system. This provides a way to increase the levels of dopamine in the brains of patients with Parkinson s disease, thereby providing temporary refief from some of the symptoms associated with the disease. But there is one catch. The enantiomer of L-dopa is believed to be toxic, and therefore, an enantioselective synthesis of L-dopa is required. 

---