Green, Acid Ethyl

As a general guide, however, it may be noted that the following have fairly easily recognisable odours methyl and ethyl formate methyl and ethyl acetate (apples) methyl and ethyl benzoate methyl salicylate (oil of winter-green) and ethyl salicylate methyl and ethyl cinnamate. (It is however usually impracticable to distinguish by odour alone between the methyl and ethyl esters of a particular acid.) Methyl and ethyl o. alate, and methyl and ethyl phthalate are almost odourless. Succinic and tartaric esters have faint odours. 

A solution of 69g of sodium in 1,380 ccof absolute alcohol is mixed with 257.4 g of /3-methyl-thioethyl-d -methyl)-n-butvl-cyano-acetic acid ethyl ester and 114 g of thiourea and the whole mass boiled under reflux with stirring for six hours. After concentration under vacuum the residue is taken up in 1.5 liters of water and shaken up thrice, each time with 300 cc of ether. The aqueous alcoholic layer is stripped, under vacuum, of the dissolved ether and mixed with 300 cc of 30% acetic acid under stirring and ice cooling. The precipitated material is sucked off, washed with water, dried and recrystallized from isopropyl alcohol. The thus obtained j3-methvl-thioethyl-(1 -methyD-n-butyl-cyano-ecetyl thiourea forms yellowish green crystals having a melting point of 229°C to 230°C. 

Fig. 2.27. Representative HPLC chromatograms of carotenoids found in the plasma of green iguanas after being fed with a carotene-deficient diet (a) or a diet supplemented with /3-carotene (b), can-thaxanthin (c) and /f-apo-8 -carotenoic acid ethyl ester (d) recorded at 450 nm. Enumerated peaks are (1) lutein (21.3min) (2) zeaxanthin (22.2min) (3) undefined peak co-eluted with zeaxanthin (22.2min) (4) canthaxanthin (23.1min) and (5) apo-8 -carotenoic acid ethyl ester (26.7min). Retention times in parentheses. Reprinted with permission from J. Raila et al. [65],...

Board P, Smith S, Green J, Coggan M, Suzuki T. Evidence against relationship between fatty acid ethyl ester synthase and the pi class glutathione S-transferase in humans. J Biol Chem 1993 268 15,655-15,658. 

The moisture- and air-stable ionic liquids, l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetra-lluoroborate [bmim]BF and l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim]PFg, were used as green recyclable alternatives to volatile organic solvents for the ethylenediaimnonium diacetate-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation between aldehydes or ketones with active methylene compounds. As described by Su et al. [57], the ionic hquids containing a catalyst were recycled several times without decrease in yields and reaction rates. In the case of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, the reactions led to the formation of 3-substituted coumarin derivatives in high yields of up to 95% (Scheme 17.11). When ethyl cyanoacetate was used, 2-imino-27f-l-benzopyran-3-carboxyhc acid ethyl ester was formed. 

Thin, platelet-like crystals from acetonitrile + water, mp >350 (dec), pKa (DMF) 6,80 8,88, Sol in acetic acid, DMSO, DMF, pyridine partially sol in acidic methanol, acidic chloroform, acidic ethyl acetate. Insol in water, petr ether, ether. Acts as an indicator Red in acidic so n, green to blue in basic soln. 

Kaphalia, B. S., Green, S. M., Ansari, G. A. (1999) Fatty acid ethyl and methyl ester synthases, and fatty acid anilide synthase in HepG2 and AR42J cells interrelationships and inhibition by tri-o-tolyl phosphate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 159 134-141. 

The thus-obtained residue was dissolved in a mixture of 268 ml of methanol and 26.8 ml of 3N aqueous sulfuric acid and heated under reflux for 40 minutes, with a color change from yellow to green. The reaction mixture was then cooled, neutralized by addition of 127 ml of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, and concentrated under reduced pressure until almost all the methanol was removed. The resulting solid was removed by filtration, washed with water, dried, and twice crystallized from ethyl acetate to give 1.1 g of 11/3-hydroxy-Ba-methylprogesterone having a MP of 155° to 158°C, according to U.S. Patent 2,864,837. 

Carotenoids are also present in animal products such as eggs, lobsters, greyflsh, and various types of hsh. In higher plants, they occur in photosynthetic tissues and choloroplasts where their color is masked by that of the more predominant green chlorophyll. The best known are P-carotene and lycopene but others are also used as food colorants a-carotene, y-carotene, bixin, norbixin, capsanthin, lycopene, and P-apo-8 -carotenal, the ethyl ester of P-apo-8-carotenic acid. These are Upid-soluble compounds, but the chemical industry manufactures water-dispersible preparations by formulating coUoid suspensions by emulsifying the carotenoids or by dispersing them in appropriate colloids. ... 

In summary, the Avada process is an excellent example of process intensification to achieve higher energy efficiency and reduction of waste streams due to the use of a solid acid catalyst. The successful application of supported HP As for the production of ethyl acetate paves the way for future applications of supported HP As in new green processes for the production of other chemicals, fuels and lubricants. Our results also show that application of characterization techniques enables a better understanding of the effects of process parameters on reactivity and the eventual rational design of more active catalysts. 

Dissolve 0.3 g of miconazole in 50 mL of a mixture of 1 volume of glacial acetic acid R and 7 volumes of methyl ethyl ketone R. Using 0.2 mL of naphthalbenzein solution R as indicator, titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid until the color changes from orange-yellow to green. One milliliter of 0.1 M perchloric acid is equivalent to 41.61 mg of C18H14C14N20. 

Alkylcathin-5,6-diones are fairly resistant to acidic hydrolysis, but are easily hydrolyzed under basic conditions. For example 3-ethyl derivative 202 gave green-colored l-methyl-2-ethyl-2//-pyrido-[3,4]indole 203 (Scheme 49) (85TL385). 

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