Grass economic importance

Waxes from grasses include bamboo leaf wax, esparto wax. and hemp fiber wax. Esparto wax is a hard, tough wax with a melting point of 73-78°C, and is the most important grass wax. Most of the esparto wax produced is consumed In the British Isles. It is chiefly useful as a substitute for camauba. Waxes obtained from roots of various species of plan ts are minute in quantity and of no economic importance. 

Within the tropics, the palms rarrk second in economic importance after the grasses. Palms are rtsed for food, oil, fiber, and as ornamentals. 

C4 photosynthesis is found in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Most of the economically important ones are found in the Poaceae (grasses), and there are some interesting intermediates between C3 and C4, such as Panicum milioides. The genus A triplex contains both C3 and C4 types which are still closely enough related to interbreed. 

Ustilaginoidea species cause false smut diseases on various grasses, including rice and maize. Their parasitism of the host s ovaries and the formation of a sclerotium-like structure recalls species of Claviceps (Sphacelia anamorphs). The dark, roughened conidia are unique for the family Clavicipitaceae, and closely resemble teliospores of true smuts in the order Ustilaginales, with which they have often been confused. About 20 species have been reported almost all are very poorly known. The best known is U. virens, cause of an economically important false smut of rice, but few details of its life history have been studied (Mulder and Holliday, 1971 In et al., 1984 Fujita et al., 1989). 

Target-site resistance of biotypes to ACCase inhibitors has up to now been confirmed for quite a few grass weed species of economic importance. The earliest cases of target-site based resistance were reported for biotypes of LoUum multi-Jlorum from Oregon, USA [30] and of LoUum rigidum from Australia [31]. 

The Gramineae form a very large family that has been subdivided into 28 tribes, of which the six largest contain most pasture grasses of economic importance. All six of... 

Grasses of economic importance 19.5.1 Types of grass varieties... 

The cyclohexane-1,3-dione and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid-type herbicides are used as selective grass herbicides in several economical important crop cultures. They are known to block de novo fatty acid synthesis in the chloroplasts of sensitive grasses (Poaceae). These herbicides have been suggested to be inhibitors of an enzyme of the fatty acid synthetase complex, because they block the incorporation of labelled malonic acid into the fatty acid fraction. The aim of this work was to identify the single target enzyme of this herbicides. 

Grass and clover for animal feed are routinely analysed to determine elements of nutritive quality (e.g. Ca, Mg, K, P, N, Mn etc.) and of potential risk (e.g. Cd, Hg). The results of determination of nutritive elements are used in the design of a well-balanced diet. The determination of the dangerous elements is necessary to avoid affecting the health of domestic animals which would lead to a lower production (economic loss) or even could cause damage to the consumer of animal products (milk, meat etc.). The rye grass material described in this chapter was produced for the quality control of determinations of important heavy elements, either of dangerous nature (e.g. Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn) or their role in animal nutrition (e.g. Se, Mo) [7,8]. 

Over the past two decades it has become clear that clavicipitalean endophytes have considerable economic impact through their effects on animal husbandry. This is particularly true for the grasses tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), which are important pasture grasses and are... 

In the grass roots approach to developing the sales budget, each salesman should be advised of the prospective outlook for his customer industries. It is superfluous to present salesmen with data of future economic conditions couched in broad general terms, such as that the gross national product will increase by 2%, consumer income will rise by 1%, etc. Such information is difficult for the salesman to relate to his sales. For instance, the man who is selling alkyd resins is interested in the outlook of the paint industry, so that revelant information should be supplied as follows Industrial paint sales are expected to rise by 10%, trade paints by 2%, etc. With such data supplied by Market Research, for each important customer industry, the salesman is able to in-... 

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