Graphite spray electrode

Kaufinann JM, Laudet A, Oiristian GD, Patriarche GJ (1982) Preparation and characterization of graphite-coated metallic electrodes the graphite-sprayed electrode. Talanta 29 1077-1082... 

Cyclic voltammetry of the hexacyanoferrate(II/III) couple. Hexacyanoferrate(II) 5 x 10 M, 0.1 M KCl scan rate 20 mVs . a) Graphite spray electrode b) glassy carbon electrode c) carbon-polyethylene electrode d) carbon paste electrode. 

A DEA is basically a compliant capacitor where an incompressible, yet highly deformable, dielectric elastomeric material is sandwiched between two complaint electrodes. The electrodes are designed to be able to comply with the deformations of the elastomer and are generally made of a conducting material such as a colloidal carbon in a polymer binder, graphite spray, thickened electrolyte solution, etc. Dielectric elastomer films can be fabricated by conventional... 

Again, the nature of the electrode material influences the peak separations of the reversible N-acetyl-p-quinoneimine couple (A/A ) appearing when phenacetin is oxidized (Figure 7). However, the potential of the main oxidation peak is not markedly shifted. On the other hand, carbon-polymer and carbon paste electrodes exhibit a lower residual current than the graphite spray or the glassy carbon electrodes. 

Electrode material composed of graphite slurry (in isopropanol and Teflon solution) table cast onto aluminum substrate. Bipolar membrane then constructed from spraying polyolefin amine-based anion exchange membrane (5% Nafion) solution onto cation exchange membrane. 

The cathode of the lamp which is filled with Ar or Ne at low pressure, sputters when a H.V. is applied to the electrodes. Collision of the noble gas and metal atoms excite the latter then they emit radiation in the visible/u.v. region of the spectrum. The metal compound in the sample to be analysed, dissolved in a suitable solvent, has to be transformed to a mist of gaseous atoms. This is generally achieved by aspirating the solution into a nebuliser where a mist is sprayed in a flame of a flammable gas widi an oxidising gas. The gas mixture may pass through the nebuliser first or it may burn directly. Alternatively, furnace atomisers are used, when smaller volumes of test solutions can be handled. The solution is placed in a horizontal graphite tube or a carbon rod which are heated in an electric furnace. 

Electroinactive polymers have also been utilized as supports for carbon-based electrodes assigned to voltammetric analysis. Such an electrode has been constructed by spraying a suspension of colloidal graphite in poly(methylmethacrylate) dissolved in butyl acetate onto a metallic support. A thin conductive film is obtained after drying . Another carbon-polymer electrode has been developed by mixing and heating at 150 C a mixture of carbon black and polyethylene in a ratio of 30 to 45% w/w. Thin disks are obtained by pressing the paste at 170 C under 200 kg cm 2 100,101. 

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