Graphite carbon monoxide

Carbon (graphite) Carbon monoxide (g) Hydrogen (g) Ammonia (g) Hydrazine (g)... 

There is Htde evidence of the direct formation of sodium carbide from the elements (29,30), but sodium and graphite form lamellar intercalation compounds (16,31—33). At 500—700°C, sodium and sodium carbonate produce the carbide, Na2C2 above 700°C, free carbon is also formed (34). Sodium reacts with carbon monoxide to give sodium carbide (34), and with acetylene to give sodium acetyHde, NaHC2, and sodium carbide (disodium acetyHde), Na2C2 (see Carbides) (8). 

The methods of choice for beryUium oxide in beryUium metal are inert gas fusion and fast neutron activation. In the inert gas fusion technique, the sample is fused with nickel metal in a graphite cmcible under a stream of helium or argon. BeryUium oxide is reduced, and the evolved carbon monoxide is measured by infrared absorption spectrometry. BeryUium nitride decomposes under the same fusion conditions and may be determined by measurement of the evolved nitrogen. Oxygen may also be determined by activation with 14 MeV neutrons (20). The only significant interferents in the neutron activation technique are fluorine and boron, which are seldom encountered in beryUium metal samples. 

The presence of water vapour in the ingoing gas irrixmre has been found to suppress the formation of graphite and dins to favour diamond formation. The significant change in composition when water vapour is added, is the presence of carbon monoxide in about half the proportion of hydrogen atoms. 

In the gas-cooled reactor, reaction.between the coolant and the moderator results in formation of a proportion of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. This gas can be carburising to nickel-base alloys but the results of tests in which CO2 was allowed to react with graphite in the furnace indicate that the attack on high-nickel alloys is slight, even at moderately high temperatures and is still mainly due to simple oxidation. 

Heal content, 110. 116 change (luring a reaction, 110 of a substance, 109 Heat of combustion of diamond, 122 graphite, 122 hydrazine, 47 hydrogen, 40 methane, 123 Heat of formation, 113 Heat of reaction, 135 between elements, table, 112 oxidation of HC1, 160 oxidation of sulfur dioxide, 161 predicting, 112 Heat of reaction to form ammonia, 112 Br atoms, 290 carbon dioxide, 112 carbon monoxide, 112 Cl atoms, 290 CO + Hi, 110 ethane, 112 F atoms, 290 H atoms, 274 hydrogen chloride, 160 hydrogen iodide, 112 iron(Ill) oxide, 162 Li atoms, 290 Li + Br, 290 Li + F, 290 Na + Cl, 290 NHs products, 114 Na atoms, 290 NO, 112 NOj, 112... 

The darkness associated with dense interstellar clouds is caused by dust particles of size =0.1 microns, which are a common ingredient in interstellar and circum-stellar space, taking up perhaps 1% of the mass of interstellar clouds with a fractional number density of 10-12. These particles both scatter and absorb external visible and ultraviolet radiation from stars, protecting molecules in dense clouds from direct photodissociation via external starlight. They are rather less protective in the infrared, and are quite transparent in the microwave.6 The chemical nature of the dust particles is not easy to ascertain compared with the chemical nature of the interstellar gas broad spectral features in the infrared have been interpreted in terms of core-mantle particles, with the cores consisting of two populations, one of silicates and one of carbonaceous, possibly graphitic material. The mantles, which appear to be restricted to dense clouds, are probably a mixture of ices such as water, carbon monoxide, and methanol.7... 

Nakamura, J., Toyoshima, I., and Tanaka, K. 1988. Formation of carbidic and graphitic carbon from carbon monoxide on polycrystalline cobalt. Surf. Sci. 201 185-94. 

O Calcium oxide, CaO, reacts with carbon in the form of graphite. Calcium carbide, CaC2, and carbon monoxide, CO, are produced in an endothermic reaction. 

It is difficult to measure the heat of combustion of graphite to carbon monoxide because carbon dioxide always is produced as well. But, from Hess s law, it is possible to calculate the heat of combustion of graphite to carbon monoxide from the more easily measurable heats of combustion of graphite and of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. 

Reaction with carbon (graphite) at above 400°C produces a series of carbides, such as KC4, KCs, and KC24. With carbon monoxide, an unstable explosive carbonyl forms ... 

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