Fusion technique

The methods of choice for beryUium oxide in beryUium metal are inert gas fusion and fast neutron activation. In the inert gas fusion technique, the sample is fused with nickel metal in a graphite cmcible under a stream of helium or argon. BeryUium oxide is reduced, and the evolved carbon monoxide is measured by infrared absorption spectrometry. BeryUium nitride decomposes under the same fusion conditions and may be determined by measurement of the evolved nitrogen. Oxygen may also be determined by activation with 14 MeV neutrons (20). The only significant interferents in the neutron activation technique are fluorine and boron, which are seldom encountered in beryUium metal samples. 

A substance (usually liquid) employed to remove surface metal oxides in preparation for soldering, brazing or other metal fusion techniques. Also, the rate of energy transfer across a given surface area. 

The reaction may be carried out successfully by the conventional fusion-technique. In the course of the s5mthesis of numerous aryl- and alkyl-biguanides by this procedure, the substituted guanidine rather than the biguanide was occasionally formed in a side reaction. In such cases the biguanide first formed may be cleaved partially by way of an intramolecular hydrogen-bonded form (602) (cf. section VI, B3). 

It is recommended to use data fusion techniques such as the Fuzzy approach or other methods like the Neuro-Fuzzy on surface data to locate the most promising sites for drilling. 

Transporters, particularly those carrying nonlipophilic species across biomembranes or model membranes, can be regarded as vectorial catalysts (and are also called carriers, translocators, permeases, pumps, and ports [e.g., symports and antiports]). Many specialized approaches and techniques have been developed to characterize such systems. This is reflected by the fact that there are currently twenty-three volumes in the Methods in Enzymology series (vols. 21,22,52-56,81,88,96-98,125-127,156-157, 171-174, and 191-192) devoted to biomembranes and their constituent proteins. Chapters in each of these volumes will be of interest to those investigating transport kinetics. Other volumes are devoted to ion channels (207), membrane fusion techniques (220 and 221), lipids (14, 35, 71, and 72), plant cell membranes (148), and a volume on the reconstitution of intracellular transport (219). See Ion Pumps... 

Joints of all sizes may be made with heat fusion techniques. Fused joints may be made with either electrofusion or conventional heat fusion. Electrofusion joints are made with fittings which have embedded heating wires. Conventional fusion joints are made with special machines which trim the pipe ends, apply heat, and then force them together to form a bond. Consult the manufacturer regarding the sizes for which electrofusion fittings are available. 

The application of the lithium tetraborate fusion technique to the analysis of siliceous ashes has resulted in over 10,000 elemental determinations. While detectable gold and silver concentrations have been found, the results are near the detection limits for those two elements. 

Using the large vesicles, the fusion process can be monitored in a phase contrast microscope. In different fusion techniques 80 82) very small, submicroscopic vesicles (<100 nm) were used and fusion could only be followed by indirect methods. 

Probably nearly 200 rodent mutant lines have now been isolated and tested by genetic complementation for their genetic identity. Complementation at first involved cell-fusion techniques and this finally established the existence of 11 complementation groups, each representing a single gene. 

The carbon content, mostly SiC or WC inclusions, is usually determined by the inert gas fusion technique [204]. 

The first preparation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ by BurstalP involved fusion of RuC13 in bpy, followed by extraction of excess ligand and crystallization of the product from water. Morgan and Burstall employed the same method for [Ru(trpy)2]2+6. This method is wasteful of ligand Cook et al.7 commented on this fact and adopted other procedures. The fusion technique has not been extensively utilized. 

To achieve surface display, five of the Ml3 coat proteins have been used in fusion to foreign protein fragments. In the most widespread system the antibody is coupled to the N-terminus or second domain of the minor coat protein pill (11,12,14). The naive function of the three to five copies of the pill, in particular their N-terminal domain, is to provide binding of the phage to the f-pili of E. coli to initiate infection (39). The major coat protein (pVIII) has been used as an alternative fusion partner, with only very few successes reported in the past decade (40). This fusion technique is more useful for the display of short peptides (41,42). Fusions to pVI have been tried, but not yet with antibodies (43). pVII and pIX were... 

X 107 myeloma cells are required to fuse to 10s spleen cells and fusion techniques are described in 13.7. 

The simultaneous use of multisource data can provide a more reliable view on the observed object. In order to exploit the information content, sophisticated color-related and numerical data fusion techniques have been developed [13], These techniques aim at the incorporation of complementary information for the initially independent results into a new combined data set in such a way that an information surplus can be retrieved from the combined data set. This information surplus remains inaccessible if individual data sets are evaluated separately. 

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