Graphene electrochemical performance

The introduction of different heteroatoms in the carbon network has been already considered for changing the redox properties which can further influence the electrochemical performance [78-83], The foreign atoms modify the electron donor/acceptor character of the graphene layers, and are consequently expected to affect the charging of the electrical double Isyer and to give pseudocapacitance faradaic reactions. 

Xu, C., Sun, J., Gao, L., 2011. Synthesis of novel hierarchical graphene/polypyrrole nanosheet composites and their superior electrochemical performance. J. Mater. Chem. 21,11253-11258. 

Xie, J., X. Snn, N. Zhang, K. Xu, M. Zhou, and Y. Xie. 2013. Layer-by-layer P-Ni(OHy graphene nanohybrids for ultraflexible all-solid-state thin-film snpercapacitors with high electrochemical performance. Nano Energy 2 65-74. 

Bao, J., X. Zhang, L. Bai et al. 2014. All-solid-state flexible thin-film snpercapaci-tors with high electrochemical performance based on a two-dimensional VjOj HjO/ graphene composite. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2 10876—10881. 

Guo, R, Song, H., and Chen, X. (2009]. Electrochemical performance of graphene nanosheets as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, Electrochem. Common., 11, pp. 1320-1324. 

Zhao, H., Ran, L., Xing, S., Luo, J., and Xu,). (2013). Vanadium oxides-reduced graphene oxide composite for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors with improved electrochemical performance,/ Power Sources, 222, pp. 21-31. 

Figure 5.17 Scheme showing the electrochemical performance of graphene-supported branched Pt nanostructures towards ORR and methanol electro-oxidation. Reproduced with permission from [261]. 

Graphene/polyanihne paper electrodes are in high demand due to their superior electrochemical performances and low cost [62]. Graphene oxide can be the precursor for preparing polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites... 

Wang et al. synthesized Graphene/SnO /polypyrrole ternary nanocomposites by one-pot synthesis method and obtained specific capacitance of 616 F/g. They claimed that the excellent electrochemical performance was due to the synergistic effect among the three components [46]. 

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