Grain, bromide

Mix 50 grains bromide of potassa with 25 grains each aromatic powder and wkite sugar. Make up into 12 powders, 1 to bo taken 2 or 3 times a day. 

The primary use for methyl bromide is in the extermination of insect and rodent pests. Methyl bromide is used in space and stmctural fumigation except in California. The material is suitable for the fumigation of food commodities such as dried fmits, grain, flour, and nuts, and the faciHties in which these foods are processed or stored, as weU as for tobacco and many kinds of nursery stock. The usual dosage is 2—4 kg/28 m for 12—24 h. In soil fumigation methyl bromide controls weed seeds, nematodes, wireworms, and soil fungi. The usual dosage is 0.5—1 kg/9 m for 24 h at 16°C and above (82). 

Grain and foodstuffs are constantly attacked by weevils. Fumigation with carbon bisulfide, methyl bromide, and Chlorosol fumigant (a carbon tetrachloride-ethylene dibromide mixture) provides effective control where storage areas are built to handle these materials. Such storage equipment is limited, so there is need for an insecticide with low mammalian toxicity in order to achieve continuous protection by direct application. 

Tolerances of inorganic bromide in processed food as a result of fumigation with methyl bromide Tolerances for residues of inorganic bromide from fumigation with methyl bromide on cereal grains and processed grains used in production of fermented malt beverages... 

Scudamore KA. 1985. Determination of methyl bromide in grain using head- space analysis-method 20. lARC Sci PubI 68 375-380. 

A recent abstract reported an excessive mortality from non-Hodgkin s lymphoma during the 1970s and 1980s in grain millers in the grain processing industry (Alavanja et al. 1988). Such workers had been exposed to 1,2-dibromoethane as well as aluminum phosphide, ethylene dichloride, malathion, and methyl bromide. 

Uses Disinfecting cereals and grains fumigant and soil insecticide dyestuffs odorant in methyl bromide fungicide rat exterminator organic synthesis war gas. 

The light-sensitive layer of the present-day photographic material consists essentially of a large number (e.g., 108 per square centimeter) of tiny crystals of silver halide embedded in a layer of gelatin. The tiny crystals, or grains as they are commonly called, of the most sensitive photographic materials are composed of silver bromide, a small percentage of iodide, and a very small but very important amount of silver sulfide (Sheppard, 1) or possibly silver (Carroll and Hubbard, la) or both. The halide in the less sensitive materials may be simply bromide, chloride, or mixtures of the two. 

Fig. 5. Electron micrograph of two silver grains obtained by developing silver bromide grains in a distortionless hydroquinone developer.

The solvent action of sulfite on silver bromide and the resultant tendency to isolate latent image nuclei from the grain accounts for the failure of sulfite itself to act as a direct developer in spite of the autocatalytic character of its reduction of silver ion. The active nuclei simply are isolated from the grain before development gets under way. The same phenomenon enters to prevent sulfite-containing hydroquinone solutions of low pH (e.g., 8.5) from developing readily even though the thermodynamic conditions are suitable for reaction and the hydroquinone develops readily at the same pH when sulfite is absent. 

A soln. of twenty-two grains of iodine and thirty-three grains of iodide of potassium, in one ounce of distilled water forms the liquor iodi of the British Pharmacopoeia. The effects produced by the ammonium salts are attributed to their hydrolysis into ammonium hydroxide, and the consequent formation of ammonium iodide or polyiodide. The effects produced by soln. of the halide salts are doubtless due to the formation of poly iodides as in the analogous case with bromine and potassium bromide. A. A. Jakowkin allowed carbon disulphide to remain in contact with aq. soln. of iodine and potassium iodide until equilibrium was attained and... 

Deschamps, F.J. Turpin, J.C. (1996) Methyl bromide intoxication during grain store fumigation. Occup. Med., 46, 89-90... 

---