Graft copolymers characterization

Emulsion polymerizations of vinyl acetate in the presence of ethylene oxide- or propylene oxide-based surfactants and protective coUoids also are characterized by the formation of graft copolymers of vinyl acetate on these materials. This was also observed in mixed systems of hydroxyethyl cellulose and nonylphenol ethoxylates. The oxyethylene chain groups supply the specific site of transfer (111). The concentration of insoluble (grafted) polymer decreases with increase in surfactant ratio, and (max) is observed at an ethoxylation degree of 8 (112). 

These two parameters give the quantitative measurement of the grafting reaction. The general characterization of the graft copolymer is based on the following ... 

The structure of PP-g-polystyrene was studied by wide and narrow angle x-ray diffractometry. The polystyrene component formed discrete amorphous structures, which were identified after chloromethylation [143]. Structure of Rayon-Styrene graft copolymer was characterized by IR, wide angle x-ray, and SEM, grafting occurred mainly in the amorphous regions of rayon [1441. 

The selective degradation of the preformed polymer component (polycarbonate/polystyrene) of graft copolymers by two phase alkaline hydrolysis provides a clean system for quantitative recovery and subsequent characterization of the graft [151]. 

Table 18. Types of Vinyl-PDMS graft copolymers synthesized and characterized...

J.J. Meister, Review of the Synthesis, Characterization, and Testing of Graft Copolymers of Lignin, p.305-322 of Renewable-Resource Materials New Polymer Sources, C.E. Carraher,... 

Zhao B, Hu H, Yu AP, Perea D, Haddon RC (2005). Synthesis and characterization of water soluble single-walled carbon nanotube graft copolymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 8197-8203. 

---