Graft copolymerization, polymer-filler

As shown for the synthesis of PS [291], the monomer may be localized in the vicinity of the filler surface by previously grafting a polymer capable of swelling in the base monomer. Copolymeric latex of polychloroprenemethacrylic acid was added to the aqueous dispersion of chalk. The acid groups reacted with chalk and the latex particles became chemically grafted to chalk. When further portions of styrene were added they were completely absorbed by modified chalk. 

Polymer-Filler Composites thru In Situ Graft Copolymerization Polyethylene-Clay Composites... 

Biomaterials must be free from elutable impurities, such as additives and residual substances. Additives include stabilizers, antioxidants, plasticizers, and fillers which are added to commercial polymers to impart specific physical or mechanical properties. Since long- and short-term migration of these components to the adjacent tissues and biological fluids is highly undesirable, additives must be eliminated before use. In addition, favorable polymer properties can be achieved without using additives via block or random copolymerization of the candidate homopolymer with other monomers. Graft copolymerization is also used to obtain polymer surfaces with... 

Another way for increasing filler-elastomer interactions could be the grafting of a polymer on the solid surface. A number of methods exist to secure the attachment of macromolecules to the surface of carbon black particles e.g., a polymeric chain may be grown on an initiation site on the surface, small molecules previously attached to the surface may be copolymerized with a monomer, a polymeric chain, either radical, cationic, or anionic in nature, may be terminated on an active site of the solid surface, etc. 55 63). 

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