Graft copolymerization natural fiber

There is evidence that little or no perceptible change in chemical nature, viz. disulfide group content, amino acid compositions, and oxidative main chain scission have occurred during graft copolymerization. Wool fibers can be specifically modified physically by grafting to break down hydrogen bonds in the a-helix. In such circumstances, a specific interaction may arise between... 

Native cellulose are commonly modified by physical, chemical, enzymic, or genetic means in order to obtain specific functional properties, and to improve some of the inherent properties that limit their utility in certain application. Physical/surface modification of cellulose are performed in order to clean the fiber surface, chemically modify the surface, stop the moisture absorption process, and increase the surface roughness. " Among the various pretreatment techniques, silylation, mercerization, peroxide, benzoylation, graft copolymerization, and bacterial cellulose treatment are the best methods for surface modification of natural fibers. 

Several natural polymers as chitin, cellulose, functionalized cellulose and natural fibers are some of most studied natural polymers in graft copolymerization using redox system as initiator, being cerium ion one with more reports. 

PHA Block copolymerization and grafting reactions, chlorination, cross-linking, epoxidation, and hydroxyl and carboxylic acid functionalization of the PHA Chen et al. (2009), Wu et al. (2008), Li et al. (2003), Loh et al. (2007), Baki and Steinbuchel (2007) Blends with natural fibers, PLA, PCL, and difference types of PHA, even with inorganic particles, such as bioglass and tricalcium phosphate Avella et al. (2000), Urakami et al. (2000), Misra et al. (2006), Luo etal. (2007)... 

The surface of natural fibers can be modified by grafting copolymerization. 

Mohanty AK, Parija S, Misra M (1996) Ce(IV)-A(-acetylglycine initiated graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto chemically modified pineapple leaf fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 60 931-937 Mohanty AK, Khan MA, Hinrichsen G (2000) Surface modification of jute and its influence on performance ofbiodegradable jute-fabric/Biopol composites. Compos Sci Technol 60 1115-1124 Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT, Selke SE, Harte BR, Hinrichsen G (2005) Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites an introduction. In Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT (eds) Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites. Taylor Francis, FL, Boca Raton Mukherjee PS, Satyanarayana KG (1986) Structure and properties of some vegetable fibres Part 2 pineapple fiber. J Mater Sci 21 51-56... 

V.K. Thakur, M.K. Thakur, and A.S. Singha, Free radical-induced graft copolymerization onto natural fibers. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Char. 18(6), 430-438 (2013). 

Graft copolymerization Graft copolymers are a type of branched copolymers with distinct side structures from the main chain. Graft copolymerization initiates the free radicals on cellulose molecule that can react with the hydrogen bonds on the matrix. Acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and vinyl monomers are used for graft copolymerization of natural fibers. Equation 9.3 depicts the reaction of acrylonitrile with the fiber... 

Graft copolymerization is the most effective method utilized in the chemical modification of natural fibers. According to Gassan et al. [99], the reaction is initiated by free radicals on the fiber surface. Ionization polymerization of fibers is carried out in an aqueous solution, followed by exposure to a high-energy radiation. Fiber molecule cracks and radicals are subsequently formed. Next, the radical sites of the fiber are treated with a suitable solution compatible with a polymer such as vinyl monomer, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, or polystyrene. Finally, this leads to the formation of a graft copolymer, which possesses fiber and graft polymer characteristics. 

Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014c) Recent advances in graft copolymerization and applications of chitosan a review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2(12) 2637-2652 Thakur VK, Thakur MK, Gupta RK (2014a) Review raw natural fiber-based polymer composites. Int J Polym Anal Charact 19(3) 256-271... 

Thakur VK, Singha AS, Thakur MK (2012d) Modification of natural biomass by graft copolymerization. Int J Polym Anal Charact 17 547-555 Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014a) Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/ thermoset polymer composites. Carbohydr Polym 109 102-117 Thakur VK, Thakur MK (2014b) Recent trends in hydrogels based on psyllium polysaccharide a review. J Cleaner Product 82 1-15... 

Thakur VK, Singha AS, Misra BN (2011) Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulosic biofibers. J Appl Polym Sci 122(l) 532-544. doi 10.1002/app.34094 Thakur VK, Singha AS, Thakur MK (2012a) Green composites from natural fibers mechanical and chemical aging properties. Int J Polym Anal Charact 17(6) 401-407. doi 10.1080/... 

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