Gold nanoparticles networks

Matsuda K, Yamaguchi H, Sakano T, Ikeda M, Tanifuji N, Irie M (2008) Conductance photoswitching of diarylethene gold nanoparticle network induced by photochromic reaction. J Phys Chem C 112(43) 17005-17010... 

Figure 17 TEM images of gold nanoparticle networks formed using the belt-and-braces peptides, (a) A 2D network (b) a 3D network. (Reproduced from Ref. 72. American Chemical Society, 2003.)...

Adams, K.L., B.K. Jena, S.J. Percival, and B. Zhang. 2011. Highly sensitive detection of exocytotic dopamine release using a gold-nanoparticle-network microelectrode. Anal. Chem. 83 920-927. 

Zhong X, Yuan R, Chai Y, Liu Y, Dai J, Tang D (2005) Glucose biosensor based on self-assembled gold nanoparticles and double-layer 2d-network (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxy-silane polymer onto gold substrate. Sensor Actuator B 104 191-198... 

Historically, OTEs were used to investigate complex redox reactions including mediated reactions of enzymes (-> mediators). Recently OTEs have been extensively applied to study spectroelectrochemical properties of thin films of electrochromic materials (- elec-trochromic devices, -> electrochromism), and various chromic deposits including bioelectrochemical materials (e.g. - enzymes) or network films of gold -> nanoparticles. They are often used in -> photoelectrochemistry as electrode materials. 

Fig. 1. Examples of metal clusters and nanoparticles synthesized by radiolysis, (a) STM image of a silver oligomer (Agf+) in the presence of PA [reproduced with permission from Ref 34, copyright 1994 Elsevier], (b) AEM image of silver nanoparticles stabilized by PVA and deposited onto mica [reproduced with permission from Ref 12, copyright 2006 Elsevier], (c) AFM image of gold nanoparticles stabilized by PVA and self-assembled onto mica in a 2D network, [reproduced with permission from Ref 12, copyright 2006 Elsevier].

The SEM provides the surface morphology of gold nanoparticles embedded in silicate sol-gel matrix. Figure 12 displays the SEM images of the APS sol-gel film (APS(SG)) and the gold nanoparticles embedded in the APS sol-gel network (APS(SG)-Aunano)- Figure 12(A)... 

Functionalized gold nanoparticles chemisorbed by oligothiophenes as n-ligands and their networked structures 04YGK447. 

Jia J, Wang B, Wu A, Cheng G, Li Z, Dong S. A method to construct a third-generation horseradish peroxidase biosensor self-assembling gold nanoparticles to three-dimensional sol-gel network. Anal Chem 2002 74 2217-... 

Di J, Shen C, Peng S, Tu Y, Li S. A one-step method to construct a third-generation biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase and gold nanoparticles embedded in silica sol-gel network on gold modified electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2005 553 196 -200. 

The polymer template was removed in two different ways, by toluene extraction and by pyrolysis, which resulted in very different types of gold replicas. In the first case the nanoparticles retained their shape, which led to a hierarchical network structure with nanopores between the nanoparticles and macropores from the templating polymer spheres. When the latex was removed by calcination at 300 °C, the gold nanoparticles fused to a dense metal matrix with only macropores. 

Jonas and coworkers deposited gold nanoparticles on silane-functionalized silica inverse opals prepared by the codeposition procedure. The gold/sihca hybrid inverse opals shown in Fig. 3a were then formed within the macrop-orous silica network by electroless deposition of HAuCU with hydroxylamine hydrochloride [35]. 

A.Z. Ernst, S. Zoladek, K. Wiaderek, J.A. Cox, A. Kolaryzurowska, K. Miecznikowski, and P.T. Kulesza, Network films of conducting polymer-linked polyoxometalate-modified gold nanoparticles preparation and electrochemical characterization, Elctrochim. Acta, 53, 3924-3931 (2008). 

Nishiyabu et al." describe nanoparticles based on supramolecular networks of nucleotides and lanthanides. Multimodahty is achieved in this system by enclosing entities such as dyes, enzymes, and gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles were formed capped with 5 -GMP, and then mixed in buffer with GdCla to generate a supramolecular network on the particle surface. The nucleotide/lanthanide nanoparticles were reported to have longitudinal relaxivities (ri) of 12.5 s mM. Much remains to be determined about the utility of these constructs for clinical applications. 

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