Gold bar

The estimated values of the MFE for several common and less common metals are listed in Table 7.1. The MFE values range from 28 109 J t 1 for steel slabs to 68400 109 J t 1 for refined gold bars. This wide range, indicating that the MFE values can differ by a factor of 2400, is a reflection of the widely different ore grades and the widely different processing technologies that are employed in the production of various metals. 

Three pirates arrived on an island after successfully relieving a merchant of his bars of gold. The pirates put their booty in a pile in the center of the island and all fell asleep while guarding the gold. After a while, the first pirate woke up and decided to take his share of the gold and hide it. So he buried his fair share of the gold bars under a palm tree and went back to sleep. 

The second pirate woke up and took what he thought was his fair share and buried those gold bars next to a boulder. He then went back to sleep, too. Then the third pirate awoke, took what he thought was his fair share, and hid it under a boat. He went back to sleep. In the morning, all three pirates woke up and discovered that there were eight bars of gold in the pile. How many bars were in the pile in the beginning ... 

I o describe a material object, we can quantify any number of properties, 1 but perhaps the most fundamental property is mass. Mass is the quantitative measure of how much matter a material object contains. The greater the mass of an object, the greater amount of matter in it. A gold bar that is twice as massive as another gold bar, for example, contains twice as many gold atoms. 

Mass is easy to understand. It is simply a measure of the amount of matter in a sample, which is a function of how many atoms the sample contains. Accordingly, the mass of an object remains the same no matter where it is located. A 1-kilogram gold bar, for example, has the same mass whether it is on Earth, on the moon, or floating weightless in space. This is because it contains the same number of atoms in each location. 

On the moon, a gold bar weighs less than it does on Earth. This is because the moon is much less massive than Earth hence, the gravitational force exerted by the moon on the bar is much less. On Jupiter, the gold bar would weigh more than it does on Earth because of the greater gravitational force exerted on the bar by this very massive planet. 

Fig. 2. Postembedding technique. Section through part of a tissue cyst of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii immunostained with a rat monoclonal antibody (CC2) which recognizes a molecule located in the cyst wall (CW) and in dense granules within the parasite (for details, see ref. 2). N, nucleus PG, polysaccharide granules. Three-step protocol rat monoclonal followed by rabbit antirat Ig and visualized with goat antirabbit Ig conjugated to 10-nm gold. Bar is 0.5 pm.

Fig. 4. In situ hybridization technique. Part of an erythroid precursor cell infected with the human parvovirus B19 and probed for viral DNA. The BI9 nucleic acid is located within the centra electron lucent area of the nucleus (N) and also at nuclear pores (arrowheads). Ch, chromatin M, mitochondrion. A three-step detection protocol was used (see ref. 5 for details). Sheep antidigoxigenin followed by rabbit antisheep Ig and then goat antirabbit Ig conjugated to 10-nm gold. Bar is 0.5 pm.

Smuggler-sized gold bars, obtainable through Hongkong and Shanghai Bank subsidiaries ... 

About a third of the gold has been made into gold bars held by national banks. The gold bars are used as security for national money systems. In the United States, for example, the nation s supply of gold is stored at Fort Knox in Kentucky. 

Gold bars have become available in the past 100 years. There are three qualities of fine gold used in most bars. (1) For the international market, gold bars of about 12.5 kg (4(X) troy ounces) with a purity of at least 99.5% Au are prescribed. Each bar must be marked with the purity in 4 digits, the trademark of the refinery, and a serial number. The mark and the dimensions of the bar are registered by the London Bullion Market. The bars can then be traded worldwide without further control. Most of... 

The smallest size scale so far at which sound has been experimentally observed is on the order of tenths of microns. For example, in a recent review Maris [3] discussed a "nanoxylophone", made of gold bars 150 atoms thick, which emitted sound waves with fi equencies of about 8 THz for about 2 ns [4]. Within the last decade and a half, picosecond ultrasonic laser sonar (PULSE) [5] has begun to emerge as a technique for the investigation of thin multilayer films, most specifically thicknesses and interfacial properties [6]. Such studies are of crucial importance in the semiconductor industry. 

Individual employees are paid 250 if the department works 1 million injury-free man-hours, so this is a motivator to drive accidents and the subsequent injury underground. For the 3.5 million record, a 5 g gold bar was given to all employees ... 

A gold bullion dealer advertised a bar of pure gold for sale. The gold bar had a mass of 3300 g and measured... 

A Our knowledge of the amount of gold in a 10-g gold bar depends on how precisely it was measured. 

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