Glycoproteins VOLUME

MA Valverde, M Diaz, FV Sepulveda, DR Gill, SC Hyde, CF Higgins. (1992). Volume-regulated chloride channels associated with the human multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein. Nature 355 830-833. 

There are several positive factors using BSA in the basolateral medium. First, it mimics the in vivo situation where the circulating blood provides an excellent base for sink conditions due to a large volume and content of serum proteins such as albumin (serum protein content and alpha-glycoproteins) [108]. Second, serum albumin hinders adsorption onto plastic surfaces and filters and thereby stops the... 

Add an equal volume of the glycoprotein solution to the periodate solution with mixing. 

Distribution - The apparent volume of distribution of zileuton is approximately 1.2 L/kg. Zileuton is 93% bound to plasma proteins, primarily to albumin, with minor binding to alpha-acid glycoprotein. 

Distribution - The mean volume of distribution is 12 L/kg. Sirolimus is extensively bound (approximately 92%) to human plasma proteins. The binding of sirolimus was shown mainly to be associated with serum albumin (97%), - -acid glycoprotein, and lipoproteins. The majority of sirolimus is... 

Hardy SP, Goodfellow HR, Valverde MA, Gill DR, Sepulveda V, Higgins CF (1995) Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the human multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein regulates cell volume-activated chloride channels EMBO J 14 68-75... 

Zanamivir (2) is a potent competitive inhibitor of viral neuraminidase glycoprotein, which is essential in the infective cycle of both influenza A and B viruses. It inhibits a wide range of influenza A and B types in vitro as well as in vivo. The concentrations of inhibiting in vitro plaque formation of influenza A and B virus by 50% in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were 0.004-0.014 p.mol/L in laboratory-passaged strains, and 0.002-16 p.mol/L in assays of clinical isolates. Due to its low bioavailability, it is delivered by inhalation via the Diskhaler , 10 mg twice daily, or intranasally 2-4 times daily for 5 days. After an intravenous dose of 1 -16 mg, the median elimination half-life was ti/2 = 7 h, the volume of distribution at steady state was Vdss = 16 L, and 90% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine. After intranasal and inhaled (dry powder) administration, maximum serum concentrations occurred within 2h and the terminal phase half-lives were 3.4 and 2.9 h, respectively. The bioavailabilities were 10 and 25%, respectively, and 20% after inhalation of zanamivir (2) by nebulizer. 

Maintenance of red cell volume is critical to having an adequate oxygen supply to the tissues [10]. Healthy individuals finely balance erythropoiesis and erythrocyte loss and maintain constant hematocrit. The glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin is the principal controller of the homeostatic mechanism that links tissue oxygen delivery to red cell production. While hypothesized as early as 1863, unequivocal evidence of erythropoietin was first published in 1953. A few years later, scientists showed that animals subjected to bilateral nephrectomy were unable to mount an erythropoietin response to hypoxia. Indeed, the kidneys produce about 90% of circulating erythropoietin. 

---