Glycols cross-linkers

Vanderhooft J L, Mann B K and Prestwich G D (2007), Synthesis and characterization of novel thiol-reactive poly(ethylene glycol) cross-linkers for extraceUular-matrix-mimetic biomaterials . Biomacromolecules, 8, 2883-9. 

Acryhc stmctural adhesives have been modified by elastomers in order to obtain a phase-separated, toughened system. A significant contribution in this technology has been made in which acryhc adhesives were modified by the addition of chlorosulfonated polyethylene to obtain a phase-separated stmctural adhesive (11). Such adhesives also contain methyl methacrylate, glacial methacrylic acid, and cross-linkers such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate [97-90-5]. The polymerization initiation system, which includes cumene hydroperoxide, N,1S7-dimethyl- -toluidine, and saccharin, can be apphed to the adherend surface as a primer, or it can be formulated as the second part of a two-part adhesive. Modification of cyanoacrylates using elastomers has also been attempted copolymers of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene ethylene copolymers with methylacrylate or copolymers of methacrylates with butadiene and styrene have been used. However, because of the extreme reactivity of the monomer, modification of cyanoacrylate adhesives is very difficult and material purity is essential in order to be able to modify the cyanoacrylate without causing premature reaction. 

Water-borne adhesives are preferred because of restrictions on the use of solvents. Low viscosity prepolymers are emulsified in water, followed by chain extension with water-soluble glycols or diamines. As cross-linker PMDI can be used, which has a shelf life of 5 to 6 h in water. Water-borne polyurethane coatings are used for vacuum forming of PVC sheeting to ABS shells in automotive interior door panels, for the lamination of ABS/PVC film to treated polypropylene foam for use in automotive instmment panels, as metal primers for steering wheels, in flexible packaging lamination, as shoe sole adhesive, and as tie coats for polyurethane-coated fabrics. PMDI is also used as a binder for reconstituted wood products and as a foundry core binder. 

Several polymer-related uses of brassylic acid (BA) have been investigated. For example, a BA/l,3-butanediol/lauric acid oligomer is an effective plasticizer for poljrvinyl chloride,[6] BA/ethylene glycol and BA/propylene glycol polymers function as polyester based polyurethane elastomers,[7] and BA has been patented as a cross-linker for glycidyl methacrylate copolymer powder coatings.[8] However, the most detailed studies have involved polyamides selected data from these studies are summarized in Table I. 

Added along with the imprinting vinylpyridine are cross-linkers, spacers, or poro-gens. These cross-linkers or spacers should be miscible with the other ingredients, but have shapes that are dissimilar so that they do not become an integral part of the assembly around the template molecule. For naproxen, the cross-linker is ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EDMA). 

In the SDS-PAGE system of Laemmli, smaller proteins comigrate with SDS micelles. This prevents the separation of proteins smaller than 10 kDa. A modified buffer system described by Schagger and von Jagow (1987) was developed to allow separations of peptides and smaller proteins. A modification of this technique (see Alternate Protocol 3) incorporates 35% (v/v) ethylene glycol and a high proportion of bisacrylamide cross-linker (6% of the total monomer) in the running gel to further optimize separation of small peptides. 

Recently, water-compatible imprinted monoliths were applied as specific sorbents for the analysis of fluoroquinolones in milk samples [198]. A pefloxacin-MIP monolith was prepared in capillaries by using MAA as functional monomer, di(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate as a cross-linker and methanol-water as the porogenic solvent. The MIP monolith showed recognition properties in an aqueous environment for several fluoroquinolones with recoveries above 90%, with a relatively high non-specific adsorption on the NIP. Nevertheless, HPLC analysis of spiked milk after MIP-microextraction presents no interfering peak compared to a traditional C18-SPE. 

A multi-MIP array has been fabricated photolithographic ally for determination of an albuterol broncholidator (Table 6) [185]. 20-pm diameter acrylic MIP beads have been synthesized by co-polymerization of the benzyl methacrylate functional monomer, MAA functional monomer and HEMA cross-linker in the propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate porogenic solvent. Thermo-radical polymerization on a Pt electrode was initiated by AIBN. Albuterol was recognized in the... 

The CSPs prepared by the molecular imprint technique have also been used for chiral resolution by CEC [98-100]. Lin et al. [91] synthesized L-aromatic amino acid-imprinted polymers using azobisnitriles with either photoinitiators or thermal initiators at temperatures ranging from 4°C to 60° C. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was used as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used as the cross-linker. The resulting polymers were ground and sieved to a particle size less than 10 pm, filled into the capillary columns, and used for enantiomeric separations of some amino acids at different temperatures. The relationships of separation factor and column temperatures were demonstrated to be linear between the logarithm of the separation factors and the inverse of the absolute temperature (Fig. 24). The authors also compared the obtained chiral resolution with the chiral resolution achieved by HPLC and reported the best resolution on CEC. The chromatograms of the chiral resolution of dl-... 

This problem was overcome by anchoring the recognition unit - zinc cyclene - onto a polymer. [2] Cyclene bearing a vinylbenzyl group was co-polymerised with an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker, yielding a solid material (Scheme 2). 

The noncovalent adsorption of proteins by p.CP is experimentally simple, but suffers from the disadvantage that the attachment can be reversible by rinsing the pattern with certain buffers and detergents or replacement by other proteins in solution. Moreover, the orientation of the deposited protein is not controlled. Delamarche et al. proposed the use of stamps modified with poly(ethylene oxide) silanes.100 The modification was conducted by oxidation of the PDMS stamp and reaction with APTES to yield an amino-functionalized surface. The next step was the reaction with homobifunctional cross-linker BS3 to bind surface amino groups with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains (Fig. 14.10). 

These polymers were prepared by using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. 

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