Glycolic acid oxidase

Figure 7.84 The metabolism of ethylene glycol. The NADH produced is used in the production of lactate, the level of which will rise dramatically in poisoning cases. Abbreviations. ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase LDH, lactate dehydrogenase GAO, glycolic acid oxidase AO, aldehyde oxidase.

I. Zelitch, J. Biol Chem., 233 1299-1303 (1958). The Role of Glycolic Acid Oxidase in the Respiration of Leaves. 

Giizel, Y. (1996) Investigation of the relationship between the inhibitory activity of glycolic acid oxidase and its chemical structure electron-topological approach./. Mol. Struct., 366,131-137. 

Reducing the 02 concentration around fresh fruits and vegetables reduces their respiration rate to an extent that varies with temperature, commodity, cultivar, and physiological age at harvest. Below a minimum of about 1 to 2% 02, a shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration occurs with a concomitant increase in CO2 production Q0). The reduction in aerobic metabolism associated with reduced 02 levels is apparently not mediated by cytochrome oxidase, which has a K , value of 10"8 to 10 7 M 02 (11.12). It is more likely that reduction of aerobic respiration results from diminished activity of other oxidases such as ascorbic acid oxidase, polyphenol oxidase (FFO), and glycolic acid oxidase, whose affinities for 02 are 5 to 6 times lower than that of cytochrome oxidase (12). 

HJglycolic acid followed by treatment with glycolic acid oxidase [catalyzing the loss of the pro-(R) hydrogen] (219). 

H, = H, H, = H. Configurational analysis at C-5 of [5- H, H]uridine diphospho-D-xylose involved conversion to [ H]glycolic acid (from C-4 and C-5), using chemical and enzymic methods, followed by treatment with glycolic acid oxidase [catalyzing the loss of the pro-(R) hydrogen] (221). 

In acidic solution, the degradation results in the formation of furfural, furfuryl alcohol, 2-furoic acid, 3-hydroxyfurfural, furoin, 2-methyl-3,8-dihydroxychroman, ethylglyoxal, and several condensation products (36). Many metals, especially copper, cataly2e the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid. Oxalic acid and copper form a chelate complex which prevents the ascorbic acid-copper-complex formation and therefore oxalic acid inhibits effectively the oxidation of L-ascorbic acid. L-Ascorbic acid can also be stabilized with metaphosphoric acid, amino acids, 8-hydroxyquinoline, glycols, sugars, and trichloracetic acid (38). Another catalytic reaction which accounts for loss of L-ascorbic acid occurs with enzymes, eg, L-ascorbic acid oxidase, a copper protein-containing enzyme. 

D-Amino acid oxidase will oxidase only serine having the R configuration at C-2. Glycolate oxidase will remove only the prv-R hydrogen of glycolic acid Does the product (0=CHC02H) contain tritium Explain your reasoning. 

This enzyme [EC 1.1.3.15] (also referred to as glycolate oxidase, hydroxy-acid oxidase A, and hydroxy-acid oxidase B) catalyzes the reaction of an (5)-2-hydroxy acid with dioxygen to produce a 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide. FMN is the cofactor for this enzyme. This oxidase exists as two major isoenzymes. The A form preferentially oxidizes short-chain aliphatic hydroxy acids whereas the B form preferentially oxidizes long-chain and aromatic hydroxy acids. 

CYTOCHROME P-450 REDUCTASE DIHYDROOROTATE OXIDASE FMN ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE GLYCOLATE OXIDASE (S)-2-HYDROXY-ACID OXIDASE l-LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (CYTOCHROME)... 

As pointed out previously, most herbicides have been discovered using random screening programs rather than from an applied rational approach to herbicide design, target, and synthesis. A few attempts to rationally design herbicides chose Inhibition of sites of photophosphorylation uncouplers (284). glycol ate oxidase (285). oxidation of Indoleacetic acid (lAA) by peroxidase (286). and secondary plant metabolism, I.e., phenlyalanine ammonia-lyase (2SZ)... 

D-amino acid oxidase will oxidize only serine having R configuration at C(2). Glycolate oxidase will remove only the pro-R hydrogen of glycolic acid. Does the product (0=CHC02H) contain tritium Explain your reasoning, b. Enzymatic oxidation of naphthalene by bacteria proceeds by way of the intermediate aT-diol shown. Which prochiral face of C(l) and C(2) of naphthalene is hydroxylated in this process ... 

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