Glycerol reaction with glucose

S glycerol 3-phosphate -I- D-fructose <1> (<1> less effectiv than glucose, reaction with living Trypanosoma brucei in presence of salicylhydroxamic acid [1]) (Reversibility <1> [1]) [1]... 

The teichoic acid which had not been subjected to ion-exchange chromatography contained D-alanine in characteristic, labile, ester linkage. It contained insufficient glucose to accommodate all of the alanine ester residues (alanine phosphorus ratio, 0.89 1), and the kinetics of the reaction with hydroxylamine indicated that all of the alanine is attached to the available hydroxyl groups at C-2 of glycerol residues. 

It was reported that the reaction of starch with phenol in the presence of a Lewis acid such as AICI3 resulted in resins of controlled melt viscosity.252 Probably, the product results from the hydrolysis of starch to glucose with conbversion of the latter into 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, which subsequently condensed with phenol.253 The reaction of starch with phenol without any catalyst required temperatures between 200 and 260 °C, and the resultant resinous product was then hardened by condensation with formaldehyde.254 Mastication of either glycerol or phenol with starch and water was said not to involve alcoholysis, but instead results in the formation of polymeric products.255 Reactions with gossypol256,257 and propylene glycol258 that were performed in the presence of a basic catalyst were in fact polymerization reactions and not alcoholyses. 

Sephadex is a three-dimensional network in which soluble dextran chains are crosslinked by glycerol ether bonds or reaction with epichlorohydrin in alkahne solution. Dextran is a branched-chain polysaccharide composed of o-glucose units which are jointed mainly by means of a-l,6-glycosidic bonds and is branched by 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-glycosidic linkages. Sephadex is stable to chemical attack by, for example, alkali and weak acids and can be heated without any change in properties. 

By adsorption of sucrose and glucose on silica gel these compounds are able to interact with the supercritical phase. First in this work, we have found the ratio glycerol/ silica gel equal to 1, which allows high yields of products. Thus, we have tested the esterification reactions of adsorbed sucrose or fructose with oleic acid in SCCO2 as solvent and using Lipozyme as catalyst. After 10 h of reaction, kinetics equilibria were achieved for both reactions and conversions of substrate around 50% for fructose and 45% for sucrose were obtained. In controlled reactions carried out without silica gel no conversion of substrate was observed. The products were identified as a mixture of hydrophobic compounds as monoesters, diesters, and triesters of sucrose and fructose. Traces of monoesters were only found in reaction with sucrose. Lipozyme in these conditions did not show any substrate regiospecificity although reactivity remains important. 

Tills is generally associated with the familiar alcoholic fermentation in which theoretically 100 parts of glucose are converted to 51.1 parts of ethyl alcohol (ethanol). 48.9 parts of carbon dioxide (CO/i. and heat. In addition, however, the anaerobic reaction also yields minor byproducts in small amounts—mainly glycerol, succinic acid, higher alcohols (fusel oil), 2,3-butanediol, and traces of acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and lactic acid. Fusel oil is a mixture of alcohols, including -propyl, -butyl, isobutyl, amyl, and isoamyl alcohols. 

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