Glycerol polymers synthesized from

Sepe (1998) discussed polyether-ester dendrimers synthesized from glycerol and lactic acid as globular monodisperse polymers composed of branched repeating units emitting from a central core. The key constituents of the polymer are combined with reiterative reaction steps from simple and abundant starting materials. 

Ethers can be prepared by the reaction of an alkoxide with an alkyl halide. Both of these reactants are synthesized from alcohols so that ethers may be considered to be produced indirectly from the respective alcohols. Due to the number of hydroxyl groups attached to glycerol, the possibility of generating polymers exists. The formation of polyglycerol, the polyether of glycerol, is of commercial interest and finds applications in surfactants when the number of... 

As a possible application of glycerol-based polyesters, new crosshnkable polyesters were synthesized via a lipase CA-catalyzed polymerization of divinyl sebacate and glycerol, in the presence of unsaturated higher fatty acids derived from renewable plant oils [110, 111]. The curing of the polymer obtained from hnoleic or hnolenic acid proceeded via a cobalt naphthenate catalyst or thermal treatment to produce a crosshnked transparent fUm with good biodegradabiHty. 

Internally plasticized n. When a product is synthesized from a reaction involving two or more raw materials, it may be said to be internally plasticized if one of the raw materials is able to confer plasticity or flexibility to it. In other words, the product is plasticized because it is build up from a component, which is naturally plastic. For example, an oil-modified alkyd, in which phthalic anhydride and glycerol are combined with drying oil fatty acids, is internally plasticized by reason of the presence of the fatty acid component. If a Congo varnish were made by interaction of run Congo and linseed oil monoglyceride, it could be described as internally plasticized, in contrast to a varnish made by simple dissolution of run Congo in linseed oil, which would be externally plasticized. Also a polyvinyl acetate-acrylic co-polymer is internally plasticized while a polyvinyl acetate homopolymer, into which a plasticizer has been stirred, is externally plasticized. 

Allyl chloride is used to make intermediates for downstream derivatives such as resins and polymers. Approximately 90% of allyl chloride production is used to synthesize epichlorohydrin, which is used as a basic building block for epoxy resins and in glycerol synthesis. Allyl chloride is also a starting material for allyl ethers of phenols, bisphenol A and phenolic resins, and for some allyl esters. Other compounds made from allyl chloride are quaternary amines used in chelating agents and quaternary ammonium salts, which are used in water clarification and sewage sludge flocculation (Kneupper Saathoff, 1993). 

A protocol involving the intermolecular cyclization between acetals and ureas has been developed to synthesize imidazolones on solid support. Reaction of polymer-bound glycerol 1148 with bromoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal gives the cyclic acetal bromide 1149. Amination followed by urea formation affords the resin-bound urea acetals 1150. The aldehydes released from the resin upon treatment with TFA immediately cyclize to give 2-imidazolones 1151 in good yields and purity (Scheme 279) <2002TL4571>. 

Knot et al. (51) converted soybean oil to several monomers for use in structural applications. They prepared rigid thermosetting resins by using free radical copolymerization of maleates with styrene. The maleates are obtained by glycerol trans-esterification of the soybean oil, followed by esterification with maleric anhydride. They also synthesized several TAG-based polymers and composites and compared their properties. It was found that the moduli and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers varied and depended on the particular monomer and the resin composition. They proposed that the transition from glassy to rubbery behavior was extremely broad for these polymers as a result of the TAG molecules acting both as cross-linkers as well as plasticizers in the system. 

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