Glutathione reductase and

Kar, N.C. and Pearson, C.M. (1979). Catalase superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and thiobarbituric acid-reactive products in normal and dystrophic human muscle. Clin. Chim. Acta 94, 277-280. 

Chemical Basis of Toxicity There is only one comprehensive theory for the action of ozone on biologic organisms—the theory of Chow and Tappel that the initial event is the formation of lipid peroxide and that successive events are an attempt to detoxify this product. The theory was developed from experiments with animals that showed that exposure to ozone increases malonaldehyde, gluthathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and G-6-PD ... 

Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (lipoamide dehydrogenase), glutathione reductase, and human thioredoxin reductase187 190 belong to a subclass... 

Experimental evidence supports a 4a adduct mechanism for glutathione reductase and related enzymes191/258/258a (Fig. 15-12). In this figure the reac-... 

Ribarov S, Benov L. 1985. Glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in erythrocytes treated with heavy metals. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 11 51-54. 

Avitabile, M., Campagna, N.E., Magri, G.A., Vinci, M., Sciacca, G., Alia, G., and Ferro, A. 1991. Correlation between serum glutathione reductases and bone densitometry values. [Italian]. Bollettino-Societa Italiana Biologia Sperimentale 67, 931-937. 

The second part of this project will investigate the applicability of the isoenzyme systems Glutathione Reductase and Peptidase A to dried blood analysis. The grantee proposes, also, to incorporate the Gm and Inv allotypes into routine use. Techniques for identifying these genetic markers are well-established for whole blood but must be adapted for dried blood analysis. Persistence studies will be undertaken to determine the viability of these different systems upon drying, to determine the effect of aging, to document the effect of various substrates, and to devise a practical system to type the isoenzymes and allotypes in dried blood. 

Sugiyama M, Ando A, Ogura R. 1989. Effect of vitamin E on survival, glutathione reductase and formation of chromium(V) in Chinese hamster V-79 cells treated with sodium chromate(VI). Carcinogenesis 10 737-741. 

The third system is that of thioltransferase, which may not be distinct from glutaredoxin in some tissues. The thioltransferase system is composed of thioltransferase, GSH, glutathione reductase and NADPH. All thioltransferases which have been found in mammalian cells have molecular weights which are close to 11 KDa. Sub-millimolar concentrations of either cystamine or cystine inactivate GST-IT from human placenta with concomitant formation of enzyme mixed-disulfides [282]. Thioltransferase from human placenta specifically reactivates GST-IT in the presence of 10-100 pM GSH while thioredoxin is inactive [282], Thioltransferase-mediated cleavage of mixed disulfides was also shown to restore enzyme activities in phosphofructokinase [283] and pyruvate kinase [284]. 

The spectra of oxidized glutathione reductase and of the 2-electron-reduced enzyme are shown in Fig. 1. This red intermediate, which has been shown to be functional in catalysis 39), will be referred to as EH2 designating a half-reduced active center it has also been referred to as F (S3, 53), but this can be confused with oxidized flavin in other nomenclatures. Its spectral characteristics are virtually identical with those of the analogous species of lipoamide dehydrogenase 34, 37, 64)- It has... 

---