Glutamic cell surface structure

Relationship Between Cell Surface Structure and Glutamate Production by C. glutamicum... 

A modification of (1) the surface structures of the cell are impermeable to glutamic acid but there exists within the cell wall itself a carrier substance which, in the presence of glucose, will combine with glutamic acid and transport it across the barrier. This type of hypothesis has been discussed by Osterhout (1952) in another connection. 

Specificity of the M and N blood groups apparently lies in the protein moieties of the cell surface. Wasniowska et al. (1977) have indicated that the major structural difference between the antigens of the M and N blood groups is in the N-terminal amino acids, which are serine and leucine, respectively. In addition, the amino acid presumably at position 5 of each peptide is glycine for the M group and glutamic acid for the N group. 

The cornified cell envelope is the outermost layer of a corneocyte, and mainly consists of tightly bundled keratin filaments aligned parallel to the main face of the corneocyte. The envelope consists of both protein and lipid components in that the lipid is attached covalently to the protein envelope. The envelope lies adjacent to the interior surface of the plasma membrane. " The corneocyte protein envelope appears to play an important role in the structural assembly of the intercellular lipid lamellae of the stratum corneum. The corneocyte possesses a chemically bound lipid envelope comprised of A-co-hydroxyceramides, which are ester linked to the numerous glutamate side chains provided possibly by both the ot-helical conformation and p-sheet conformation of involucrin in the envelope protein matrix. In the absence of A-oo-hydro-xyceramides, the stratum corneum intercellular lipid lamellae were abnormal and permeability barrier function was disrupted. 

Phenolic compounds, indicated as surface-active agents, are able to denature microbial proteins and are generally harmful [93]. These moieties damage the cell membranes or the cell peptidoglycan, causing escape of cytoplasmic constituents such as proteins, glutamate or potassium and phosphate ions [94]. In feet, bacterial cell is characterised by three important structures cellular wall, cytoplasmic membrane and cytoplasm (Figure 30). 

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