Glues carpenters

Emulsion Adhesives. The most widely used emulsion-based adhesive is that based upon poly(vinyl acetate)—poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers formed by free-radical polymerization in an emulsion system. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is typically formed by hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl acetate). The properties of the emulsion are derived from the polymer employed in the polymerization as weU as from the system used to emulsify the polymer in water. The emulsion is stabilized by a combination of a surfactant plus a coUoid protection system. The protective coUoids are similar to those used paint (qv) to stabilize latex. For poly(vinyl acetate), the protective coUoids are isolated from natural gums and ceUulosic resins (carboxymethylceUulose or hydroxyethjdceUulose). The hydroHzed polymer may also be used. The physical properties of the poly(vinyl acetate) polymer can be modified by changing the co-monomer used in the polymerization. Any material which is free-radically active and participates in an emulsion polymerization can be employed. Plasticizers (qv), tackifiers, viscosity modifiers, solvents (added to coalesce the emulsion particles), fillers, humectants, and other materials are often added to the adhesive to meet specifications for the intended appHcation. Because the presence of foam in the bond line could decrease performance of the adhesion joint, agents that control the amount of air entrapped in an adhesive bond must be added. Biocides are also necessary many of the materials that are used to stabilize poly(vinyl acetate) emulsions are natural products. Poly(vinyl acetate) adhesives known as "white glue" or "carpenter s glue" are available under a number of different trade names. AppHcations are found mosdy in the area of adhesion to paper and wood (see Vinyl polymers). 

The extent to which these new tissue adhesives and hemostats will influence surgical procedures can be seen in the following analogy. An effective carpenter cannot create a masterpiece without a saw to cut wood, nails to ensure local fixation of separate pieces of wood, and glue to cause broad surface apposition between wood surfaces. Similarly, the surgeon presently uses a scalpel to cut and divide tissues as well as a suture to create local fixation of tissues, but until... 

Tischler, m. joiner, cabinet maker, carpenter, -leim, m. joiner s glue, glue. 

Emulsion glues (e.g., the poly(vinyl acetate) based white and yellow or carpenter s glues) harden by a variation on drying that involves coa-... 

At the fame time it muft be obferved, that the particles of water themfelves, and of animal gluten diflblved in water, as the glue ufed by carpenters. Aide eaAer over each other by an additional quantity of the Auid matter of heat. 

Di- -butyl phthalate is used in many products that are made from plastic. It is also in products like white glues and carpenter s glues made from a plastic known as polyvinyl acetate emulsion. Di- -butyl phthalate is also used in some paints, furniture lacquer, and nail polish. When it is in anything, di- -butyl phthalate is at a higher level when that product is new. There is less in products that are old. Because di- -butyl phthalate may be in some toys, there is a concern that children chewing on such toys might be exposed. No measurements have yet been made to show whether children are exposed in this way. 

The most important use of di- -butyl phthalate is as a plasticizer (Cadogan and Howick 1992, 1996). Plasticizers are compounds that are added to other substances in order to make them softer and more flexible (Cadogan and Howick 1996). Di- -butyl phthalate appears to be primarily used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl acetate emulsion adhesives (white glues and carpenter s glues, see Pocius 1991) as a solvent for... 

Anaerobic acrylic sealants or cyanoacrylates are known sensitizers, while the modified acrylic structural adhesives that cure in air more rarely cause allergy. Tosti et al. (1993) reported of three carpenters, each of whom became sensitized to wood paints and glues with butyl acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, or a phth-late. Epoxy resin compounds are another commonly used group of adhesives, which contain resins (generally included in patch-test screening batteries), hardeners, and reactive diluents, as well as many other potentially harmful ingredients, such as tar, fillers, colorants, and other plastics. 

Wood Glues. While wood glues are normally thought of in relationship to furniture and cabinet making, they have become important in construction also. Most finish carpenters utilize one of the various types of wood glues on trim around doors, windows, base board or other types of trim in the finishing process of construction, whether residential or industrial. 

The load-bearing structural adhesive joint is relatively new—a half century is the measure of its time span. Carpenters glue, used for many centuries, was an adjunct to prevent looseness in a mechanical joint, be it mortise and tenon, slot and peg or trenail. In any case it could only be used on furniture protected from extremes of temperature or humidity. 

In a similar way, other polymers, such as PVC and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) homo-and copolymers, have been developed further into the wide range of products seen today. PVAc-based polymers are used as well in paint binders as in the very popular carpenter s glue. As paint binders, they compete with acrylates, but are less hydrolytically stable and therefore not as durable in moist environments and are less scrub resistant. They are, however, often used in less-expensive paints because of their lower cost. PVAc homopolymer... 

Humbrol Carpenters Wood Glue PVA emulsion type with aliphatic resins for extra tack. 

Evostik Wood Adhesive Humbrol Carpenter s Wood Glue Unibond Woodworker Adhesive HMG PVA Adhesive HumbrolCascamite U rea/formaldehyde type, one part, mix with water. 

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