Glue identification

The type of proteinaceous binder was correctly identified in all model samples. In only one case (S10), the animal glue was additionally identified, although the restorer who prepared these model samples declared that the sample contained only egg binder. It is possible that this sample was contaminated during its preparation or during laboratory treatment. The results indicate that this method does not allow reliable identification of the presence of individual egg yolk and egg white most probably it is caused by the presence of a trace of egg white that is always present in the egg yolk preparations (and vice versa) and can be detected by the highly sensitive PMM method. The identification of individual types of animal glues will never be reliable by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry because of their similar composition the application of ESI (electrospray ionisation)-MS/MS (Section 6.5) could possibly overcome this problem. Only the fish glue, whose peptide... 

S.M. Harrison, I. Kami, V. Prokoratova, M. Mazanek, E. Kenndler, Characterisation and identification of proteinaceous binding media (animal glues) from their amino acid profile by capillary zone electrophoresis, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 382, 1520 1526 (2005). 

The identification of the proteinaceous binder is done by the evaluation of the amino acid patterns obtained generally egg, casein, animal glue and garlic (garlic being used in gildings [93]) are reported. The amino acid profiles have been processed by different methods and several strategies have been developed to obtain the final identification ... 

U. Schneider, E. Kenndler, Identification of Plant and Animal Glues in Museum Objects by GC MS, After Catalytic Hydrolysis of the Proteins by the Use of a Cation Exchanger, with Simultaneous Separation from the Carbohydrates, Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 371,81 87 (2001). 

Formalin is an aqueous solution of approximately 40% formaldehyde. It was traditionally used to preserve biologic specimens, but its identification as a mild carcinogen has curtailed its use as a preservative. Formaldehyde is widely used to produce synthetic resins. Resins are sticky, liquid organic compounds that are insoluble in water. They often harden when exposed to air. Many commercial types of glue are resins. Natural resins are produced by plants as a response to damage. When a plant suffers external damage, natural resins flow to the area and harden to protect the underlying... 

The introduction of matrices to assist the laser desorption ionization (LDI) process has lead to the development of the so-called matrix-assisted LDI (MALDI). This technique has been applied to identify terpenoid varnishes and their oxidized products [46], Combined with enzymatic cleavage, MALDI has also been used in the identification of animal glue. 

In Massachusetts, retailers must ask minors for identification before selling them glue or cement that contains a solvent that can release toxic vapors. Also, the products must contain oil of mustard or a similar deterrent against inhalation. Young Massachusetts inhalant purchasers must also legibly write their name and address in a bound register, which the retailer must make available to police and keep for at least six months after the final entry. 

The spectrum obtained from a magenta sample removed from the binding of the same manuscript indicates a protein substance and additional unidentified component(s). The additional component(s) hinder identification of the protein. Although the protein present could be hide glue, it could also originate from pigments extracted from insect sources. 

Infrared microspectrometry (FTIR) is most frequently applied for identification of microtraces such as particles of paint, plastic, fibre, rubber and glue, as well as for analysis of the chemical composition of, for example, ink or toner. 

In rabbit, the N-O-C glue, isolated and identif. in contrast to N-gluc., the N-O-C glue, is completely hydrol. by p-glucuronidase (10). 

Two types of traditional sizes, namely starch and glue (protein), can be tested for, and the tests are also used for identification of adhesives on paper artefacts. Starch can be detected by placing a drop of iodine solution onto the area to be tested, and a blue-black colouration reveals the presence of starch. There are many tests for protein, but in the ninhydrin test a solution of ninhydrin in methyl Cellosolve with a trace of surfactant is added to the paper that is then heated in an oven at 100°C. A purplish stain indicates the presence of protein. 

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