Glucose transporter type 4 GLUT

Glucose, galactose, and fructose formed by the digestive enzymes are transported into the absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine by protein-mediated Na -dependent active transport and facilitative diffusion. Monosaccharides are transported from these cells into the blood and circulate to the liver and peripheral tissues, where they are taken up by facilitative transporters. Facilitative transport of glucose across epithelial cells and other cell membranes is mediated by a family of tissue-specific glucose transport proteins (GLUT I-V). The type of transporter found in each cell reflects the role of glucose metabolism in that cell. 

By far the most complete study of the kinetics of mammalian passive glucose transporters has been done on the GLUT-1 isoform in the human erythrocyte. The transport of glucose in this cell type is a classic example of facilitated diffusion, the... 

GLUT 1 Human erythrocyte Blood-brain barrier Blood-retinal barrier Blood-placental barrier Blood-testis barrier Expressed in cell types with barrier functions a high-affinity glucose transport system... 

Glucose transport across membranes occurs via a transporter protein, i.e. GLUT transporters. These transmembrane proteins bind glucose on one face of the membrane, then undergo conformational change to translocate glucose across the membrane. The different types of GLUT transporter are oudined in the table... 

Type 1 diabetes is a disease for which the use of prosthetic networks is also being considered. The deficiency in insulin decreases the insiiUn-dependent glucose transporter (GLUT-4) that mediates glucose uptake in fat and muscle. Therefore the body needs to find alternative energy sources. This leads to an excessive uncontrolled lipolysis in the adipose tissues resulting in excessive production of acidic ketone bodies in the liver, which accumulate in the bloodstream, overwhelm the acid-base... 

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